社会建构论语境中的团体心理治疗

社会建构论团体心理治疗的目的是改变团体内不良的关系模式,建构新的意义。治疗的焦点是"意义",治疗师关注成员内心主观的意义建构,借助于话语的作用建构与重构"意义",其角色是参与者。治疗重视"关系"对意义的建构性和治疗作用,"关系"是治疗产生治疗效果的重要因子,"关系"的改变预示着意义的改变。     

法律实务视角下对医疗过错司法鉴定体制改革的思考

从《侵权责任法》实施以来的医疗诉讼司法实践着眼,分析医疗过错司法鉴定存在的诸如鉴定程序、鉴定管理、人员资质、责任追究等体制缺陷和问题,提出规范鉴定程序、创新管理模式、鉴定人员专业化及完善责任追究体系等改革建议,以提高司法鉴定的质量,维护司法公正.     

国外护理硕士教育与临床实践效果的研究现状

通过文献分析法,一方面探讨美国、英国、日本、泰国护理硕士研究生的招收条件、培养目标与课程设置、综合评定考核方法等,了解国外护理硕士培养机制;另一方面分析国外护理硕士课程对临床护理的影响,以及毕业后从事临床护理的实践效果和临床工作中面临的挑战,以期为我国护理硕士教育的发展提供借鉴.     

血清抵抗素水平在冠状动脉支架内再狭窄中意义的研究

分析冠状动脉支架术后支架内再狭窄患者血清中抵抗素及γ干扰素(INF-γ)、白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4、IL-10的水平变化,探讨这种变化在冠状动脉支架术后支架内再狭窄中的意义.应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定45例冠状动脉内支架植入术后合并支架内再狭窄患者血清中抵抗素、INF-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10的浓度,并与无冠心病患者45例、未行支架植入术的冠心病患者45例及行支架术但是无支架内狭窄患者128例进行比较(入选病例血糖水平均正常).未行介入治疗组血清中抵抗素、INF-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10的浓度与无冠心病组无差异.支架术后但无支架内狭窄的患者与无冠心病组无差异.冠状动脉内支架植入术后合并支架内再狭窄患者血清中抵抗素、INF-γ、IL-2高于无冠心病者、植入支架未狭窄者、未植入支架者,而IL-4、IL-10低于无冠心病者植入支架未狭窄者、未植入支架者.支架内狭窄患者血清中抵抗素水平增高,并能引发Th1/Th2水平失衡,在支架内再狭窄的发生、发展中起重要作用.     

本科护生共情能力的干预效果研究

探索能够提高护生共情能力的干预模式,为改善护生的沟通技能提供参考.以杰弗逊共情量表-护生专用版(JSPE NS)为研究工具,采用系统随机抽样方法抽取86名学生作为研究对象,并随机分为干预组和对照组各43名.两组学生均参加正常的人文课程学习,干预组还接受观看视频、小组讨论等.86名学生完成了研究.干预组的共情得分高于对照组(P＜0.001),干预组女生的共情得分从干预前107.42提高到119.33,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001),干预效果对于男生并不明显,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).男生与女生具有不同的共情特点,女生的干预效果要优于男生.培训课程的学习对提高护生的共情能力具有积极的意义.     

Seeing Where the Stone Is Thrown by Observing a Point-Light Thrower: Perceiving the Effect of Action Is Enabled by Information,Not Motor Experience

People are very adept at perceiving biological motion (e.g., Johansson, 1973 Johansson, G. (1973). Visual perception of biological motion and a model for its analysis. Perception & Psychophysics, 14(2), 201–211.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). This ability has been an essential life skill to members of this social species. The human niche during the ice age was socially coordinated hunting for big game. Being able to judge the location targeted by the throw of a conspecific would be a valuable perceptual ability that we now study to investigate 2 competing theories of biological motion perception: Common Coding (CC; Prinz, 1997 Prinz, W. (1997). Perception and action planning. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 9(2), 129–154.[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and Kinematic Specification of Dynamics (KSD; Runeson & Frykholm, 1983 Runeson, S., & Frykholm, G. (1983). Kinematic specification of dynamics as an informational bias for person-and-action perception: Expectation, gender recognition, and deceptive intent. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 112, 585–615.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). The 2 theories diverge in attributing perceptual ability to either motor or visual experience, respectively. To test predictions of the CC theory, we performed 3 experiments to manipulate observers' specific motor experience while they judged the targeted location of throwing by watching point-light displays. In Experiment 1, we tested whether the identity of the thrower in the display mattered. In Experiment 2, we tested whether the motor expertise of the observer mattered. In Experiment 3, we tested whether the gender/style of throwing demonstrated by the point-light thrower mattered. The combined results failed to support CC theory, suggesting that motor experience is not required for the perception of action. Because all participants judged the target location of throwing quite well, KSD theory suggests that the kinematic information available in the displays may have enabled the perception. We performed Experiment 4 to analyze the information. We found that the judgment pattern exhibited by the observers in both Experiments 1 and 2 was well predicted by the KSD theory. Thus, we concluded that the perception of biological motion is enabled by visual information and improved by visual experience.     

Intuitive Conceptions of Dead Persons' Mentality: A Cross-Cultural Replication and More

Jesse Bering (2002) investigated how American university students in an interview task conceived of dead persons' mentality immediately after death. He found that different categories of mental states or capacities were conceived differently: psychobiological and perceptual states ceased, whereas emotional, desire, and epistemic states continued. Our Study 1 was a replication of Bering's experiment in a different cultural setting, in which the subjects were Chinese undergraduate students. A similar pattern of results was found. In Study 2, instead of being asked about a dead person's various mental states immediately following the death, participants were asked to judge a dead person's mental states after the person had been dead for 2 days. The overall pattern of participants' responses was not affected by this manipulation, but they did show an increase in attributions of certain mental states to dead agnostics. In addition, a more refined breakdown of responses revealed that individuals tended to judge that, upon death, visual and auditory perception continued, whereas olfactory and gustatory sensation ceased.     

The development of social value orientation across different contexts

This study aimed to explore Chinese children's social value orientation across different ages and contexts. Revised decomposed games were used to measure the social value orientation of 9‐, 11‐, and 14‐year‐old children and college students as an adult group. About half of them were assigned to the hypothetical context of “equal payment group,” providing equal compensation for participation in the study, and the others to the “real payment group,” who got payment according to their own choices in the games. Results showed that 9‐ and 11‐year‐old children's choices differed between the two contexts: They made more prosocial choices in the hypothetical context, and more competitive choices in the “real payment” context. The 14‐year‐olds’ and adults’ choices were not significantly different in the two contexts. These results may imply that by 14 years of age, children have stable social value orientation, and their behavior reflects this value.     

Exposure to violence reduces empathetic responses to other’s pain

Past researches showed that empathy for pain not only triggers a resonance mechanism between other and self, but also is modulated by contextual factors. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the present study demonstrated that short-term media violence exposure reduced both pain ratings and also the activation of anterior insula and anterior mid-cingulate cortex to other’s pain. Thus, violence exposure modulated empathic responses to other’s pain based on a physiological desensitization.     

不同特质焦虑水平的选择性注意偏向

高特质焦虑个体常表现出对威胁性刺激的选择性注意偏向的特点。然而其潜在的神经机制目前仍不清楚。通过记录高、低特质焦虑者各17名进行情绪加工时的ERP,比较了两组个体在选择性注意偏向发生的时间进程和相关的神经反应的差异。结果发现,高特质焦虑者诱发出更大的N1,进一步发现恐惧图片比中性图片诱发更大的N1;而低特质焦虑者诱发了更大的N2,特质焦虑得分越低, N2波幅越大。结果初步说明高特质焦虑者加工早期对恐惧图片分配了较多的注意资源,并且其抑制执行功能可能受损;而低特质焦虑者较晚开始区分恐惧图片和中性图片。这些结果提供了支持认知-动机模型的新证据。