4~8年级学生分数数量表征的准确性及形式

在分数学习中,分数数量表征是非常重要的方面。本研究利用数字线估计任务对四到八年级学生分数数量表征的情况进行探索。研究结果表明：随着年级升高,被试分数数量表征的准确性也随之提高;被试对单位分数和非单位分数表征的准确性存在显著差异,表现为对单位分数表征的准确性显著高于对非单位分数的表征,这种差异在低年级显著,随着年级的增长,差异逐渐消失;四到八年级学生在0~3数字线上,对分数数量的表征表现为线性形式而非对数形式,且这种线性表征形式是在六年级开始出现并随着年龄增长逐渐发展起来的。中西方儿童在分数数量表征的准确性和形式上有相似的发展路径,但是在表征准确性上中国儿童更高、线性形式出现年级上中国儿童可能更早。     

政策执行偏差严重程度对公众地方政府 责任判断的影响:多重中介模型的检验

为探讨地方政府政策执行偏差严重程度对公众地方政府责任判断的影响机制。采用问卷法对678名社会公众进行调查,结果显示:(1)地方政府政策执行偏差情境下,公众地方政府愿望判断和公众地方政府信念判断在政策执行偏差严重程度和公众地方政府责任判断之间起多重中介作用。(2)公众地方政府信念判断在政策执行偏差严重程度和公众地方政府责任判断之间的中介效应量大于公众地方政府愿望判断的中介效应量。     

Conducting community‐based participatory research in an urban Malaysian community: Lessons learned and challenges in establishing partnerships

This paper presents the process of how partnerships are established between an urban residential community and an academic institution in Malaysia by employing community‐based participatory research, which involves researchers, community members, and organizational representatives as coresearchers. The research process encompasses colearning, power sharing, and coconstructing of knowledge, with the community members driving the research direction. The research paradigm is grounded on conducting research with the community. This paper highlights the experience and lessons learned while applying the principles of community‐based participatory research that promotes social participation of older persons living in a residential community. Two pertinent challenges surface in the research process. The first challenge involves the complexity noted in the gap between the emancipation of community‐based participatory research and the hierarchical social structure of the society. The second challenge is the prevalence of unspoken yet subtle domination that undermines the local cultural values affecting the process of coconstructing knowledge with the community. Recommendations for addressing these challenges include future partnerships with other Malaysian communities as well as cross‐border research partnerships.     

Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Group CBT for Parents of ADHD Children

Improvements in parenting skills do not necessarily lead to improvements in child and parent outcomes for children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Cognitive factors such as parental cognitions and parenting self-efficacy may influence such outcomes. Clinical research on the effects of cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) on parental cognitions, parenting self-efficacy and mental health in Chinese parents of children with ADHD is lacking. This quasi-experimental study intended to assess the effects of a culturally attuned group CBT treatment on the mental health and quality of life of Chinese parents aged 26–58 years, with children with ADHD in Hong Kong. Participants in the experimental group received group CBT and standard treatment and their counterparts in the control group received standard treatment. Primary outcome variables of mental health and quality of life and process variables including parenting stress, parenting efficacy and dysfunctional attitudes were measured at baseline, post-treatment and 3-month follow-up. Data were analysed using 2?×?3 ANCOVAs, Cohen’s d statistics and multiple mediation analyses. Group by time interactions were found for most outcome variables. Effect size statistics indicated that group CBT had small to moderate effects on most outcome variables at post-treatment and follow-up assessments. The effect of CBT on mental health was mediated by the reduction in parenting stress and the effect of CBT on quality of life was mediated by the reductions in parenting stress and dysfunctional attitudes. Given its potential benefit, it is worth considering incorporating this group CBT programme into interventions for Chinese parents with ADHD children.     

汉画像石中蟾蜍的医药文化含蕴

汉画像石中有关蟾蜍的题材比较特殊,蟾蜍常口含仙草,或捣制仙药,或与西王母、嫦娥相伴,这些画面蕴涵着较深的文化意蕴:反映了古老的蟾蜍及蛙崇拜,揭示远古时期对女性的生殖崇拜心理.反映了战国秦汉时期的羽化升仙思想及人们对仙药的渴求.中医针灸类书<黄帝虾蟆经>,其书名及书中的针灸随月避忌之法,体现了蟾蜍为月精观念对医学的影响.     

先天性心脏病新技术——介入导管术

近20年间,伴随着科学技术的发展以及医疗水平的提高,介入导管术治疗先天性心脏病逐渐成为主要选择.该项技术微创、疗效好、安全、并发症少、住院时间短,深受患者青睐.本文讨论该项技术的主要适应范围以及今后的发展趋势,同时指出医疗技术的创新必须遵守的哲学性原则.     

体外循环所致炎性肺损伤机制及保护进展

肺损伤是体外循环心内直视手术的主要并发症之一.肺损伤的机制十分复杂,主要是全身炎性反应和缺血/再灌注损伤所致.肺保护的方法多种多样,其目的是降低全身炎性反应,减轻或避免缺血/再灌注损伤.本文探讨体外循环肺损伤的机制和保护进展.     

下肢深静脉血栓形成的治疗进展

下肢深静脉血栓形成在欧美是一种比较常见的疾病,在我国随着临床医师意识的加强及诊疗水平的提高,其发病率也逐年上升。下肢深静脉血栓形成的危害是其并发症一肺栓塞和血栓形成后综合征,肺栓塞是临床上导致死亡的一个重要原因,而血栓形成后综合征严重影响患者的生活质量及工作能力,故其治疗成为一个热门话题。本文对下肢深静脉血栓形成的治疗...     

肿瘤临床治疗中应关注肝脏

抗肿瘤细胞毒性药物有不同程度毒副作用,有些严重毒副反应是限制药物剂量或使用的直接原因。肝脏是药物代谢的主要器官,也是药物损伤的主要靶器官。随着临床肿瘤治疗关注治疗带来的副作用与关注疗效同等重要的发展,本文对抗肿瘤细胞毒性药物与肝损伤、发生机制、诊断、分型和临床治疗进展进行了阐述。     

关于监测深低温停循环主动脉手术期间脊髓缺血性损伤的思考

脊髓缺血再灌注损伤（spinal cord ischemic reperfusion injury,SCIRI）是深低温停循环（deep hypothermic circulatoryarrest,DHCA）主动脉手术期间一种致命性的并发症,它对患者和其家属及医务人员带来严重的身心危害。在DHCA主动脉手术期间早期监测...