彝医理论体系中蕴涵的哲学思想

彝族人民在日常实践中创造了独特的医药理论体系.其中.清浊二气、哎哺学说肯定了世界的物质本原性,五行八卦学说认为世界是万事万物相互联系、相互作用、不断变化的统一整体.彝医理论体系具有良好的临床指导意义.虽然存在局限,但总体是既唯物又辩证,促进了唯物主义和自然科学的发展.     

如何正确认识和处理新发与复燃传染病

近40年来,由于诸多因素的影响,新发传染病陆续出现,再发传染病在某些地区"死灰复燃",并且呈现出不同以往传染病的新特点,如病原体的变异、人兽共患性、传播速度快、流行范围广等·加之传媒的"双刃剑"作用,共同造成了新发与复燃传染病的种种不确定性.因此,正确认识和积极防治新发与复燃传染病已成为新世纪人类亟待解决的重大问题,是当前世界疾病预防控制工作中的重要内容.     

肾移植患者生存质量及影响因素分析

探讨肾移植患者的生存质量及影响因素.采用健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)调查广州地区医疗机构145例肾移植受者移植前和移植后6个月的生存质量.移植后6个月患者的生存质量评分较移植前有明显提高.文化程度、有无配偶、经济状况、肾源、健康知识掌握程度等因素对患者的生存质量影响较大.医护人员应为肾移植患者提供个性化护理,以提高患者的生存质量.     

Neuroticism and Attitudes Toward Action in 19 Countries

Although individuals scoring high on Neuroticism tend to avoid taking action when faced with challenges, Neuroticism is also characterized by impulsivity. To explore cognitive biases related to this costly behavior pattern, we tested whether individuals who rated themselves as higher in Neuroticism would evaluate the general concepts of action and inaction as, respectively, more negative and positive. We further investigated whether anxiety and depression would mediate and individualism‐collectivism would moderate these relations in a large international sample. Participants (N = 3,827 college students; 69% female) from 19 countries completed surveys measuring Neuroticism, attitudes toward action and inaction, depression, anxiety, and individualism‐collectivism. Hierarchical linear models tested the above predictions. Neuroticism negatively correlated with attitudes toward action and positively correlated with attitudes toward inaction. Furthermore, anxiety was primarily responsible for emotionally unstable individuals’ less positive attitudes toward action, and individuals who endorsed more collectivistic than individualistic beliefs showed a stronger negative association between Neuroticism and attitudes toward action. Researchers and practitioners interested in understanding and remediating the negative consequences of Neuroticism should pay greater attention to attitudes toward action and inaction, particularly focusing on their links with anxiety and individualism‐collectivism.     

A Comparison of Enrollees Versus Non-enrollees in a Patient/Family HCV Psychoeducation Study

Despite the seriousness of Hepatitis C (HCV), many patients do not receive treatment. One promising means of addressing these issues for medically ill patients is through participation in support group services. This study examined individual-, treatment- and system-level factors associated with enrolling in a support group intervention (psychoeducation) for persons with HCV. A total of 235 research participants were recruited as part of a NIAAA-funded randomized clinical trial for patients with HCV and their family members, with 172 (73.2 %) agreeing to enroll in the psychoeducation trial and 63 (26.8 %) declining. Factors leading to enrollment indicated that individuals without employment, with certain personality structures (low cooperativeness and self-directedness), and traveling greater distance to their group were more likely to agree to participate. Populations being seen in public settings demonstrate a desire for additional support and education, but at the same time these potential participants are faced with challenges to following through and enrolling in the desired services.     

社交焦虑障碍中的注意偏差三成分研究述评

社交焦虑障碍表现为对一种或多种社交情境存在显著并持续的害怕,并表现出对社交刺激具有注意偏差,即注意增强、注意固着和注意回避,这三个成分交互作用促使社交焦虑持续发展.目前主要采用视觉搜索任务、点探测任务、空间线索任务,并结合眼动技术对此进行研究,但三成分之间的关系仍然存在疑惑,三者是否具有时间进程,如何衔接转换,仍需进一步检验.     

分类活动对归纳推理多样性效应的影响

归纳推理多样性效应被证实为普遍存在的,然而研究者Heit和Medin却对多样性效应的普遍性存在分歧。本文通过三个实验针对两位学者的分歧展开研究。结果发现:1.两位学者之间的分歧是由不同的分类活动引起的。当分类活动为外显时,被试的推理结果既不支持Medin,也不支持Heit;当分类活动内隐时,被试的推理结果支持Heit的观点。2.人们在日常生活及现实情境中,往往是根据直觉对事物进行分类及多样性推理。     

The Bridging Role of Television in Immigrant Political Socialization

A survey of Korean-American immigrants in California compares television news with other socialization factors in the acquisition of knowledge about American politics. U. S. television news exposure ranks alongside the newspaper as a positive predictor of U.S. political learning for this sample of Korean immigrants and is more important than other predictors, including years of schooling. Among long-time U.S. residents and those with strong English language skills, the newspaper is the main predictor of political learning, as is the case in other studies of adult Americans. But for those who have been in the U.S. a short time and who lack skill in English, TV news is the stronger predictor for these immigrants, as it is in studies of indigenous American adolescents.     

法显西行求法及其现代价值

围绕法显西行求法的伟大事迹和历史贡献,着重探讨了法显西行活动的缘起、过程以及结果的现代价值,并得出如下结论,即不同文化的开放与交流是文化创新发展的基本途径;文化交流不是均衡进行的,一般是高水平文化影响和推动低水平文化,但后者中的积极因素也会在交流中融入新的文化;文化之间的沟通交往和创新发展往往需要孜孜不懈的追求精神和锲而不舍的推动力量,这种精神和力量由于自信、自励、自强的信仰和坚持而体现出一种忘我的、不屈的、务实的、爱家乡的激情与品格、活力与能力。法显在西行中坚定信仰佛法和坚持不懈求法就是这种现代价值的诠释。