采用人性化护理管理降低护理差错的思考

随着社会的迅速发展及人们生活水平的不断提高,人们对医疗服务的需求增加,护理工作者所面对的压力增大,产生护理差错的概率增加.同时,护理工作者知识结构水平的改变,整体素质上升,对护理管理要求提高,人性化管理成为当今谈论的焦点,也成为减少护理差错、提高护理质量的重要手段.     

心脏病外科治疗之趋势——微创

在近20年间,伴随着科学技术的发展以及医疗水平的提高,微创已经成为了外科医生行使手术的重要选择之一;由于国家生活水平的提高,患者不但追求高生存率,同时提出了更高的要求--低病痛,快恢复期,伤口美观等,微创外科得到了越来越多的人的青睐.本文主要探讨了微创心脏外科的分类(小切口技术,电视胸腔镜辅助心脏外科技术,机器人辅助心脏外科技术)以及各种新技术在心脏外科领域所存在的优势和不足,同时辩证地指出了心脏外科的未来发展趋势以及在发展过程中可能存在的一系列矛盾,同时指出了医疗为患者个体服务的观点.     

青少年孤独感与人格五因素的关系:人际关系能力的中介作用

该研究采用小五人格问卷、中学生孤独感问卷和人际关系能力问卷,以784名青少年为被试,考察青少年孤独感的特点及其与人格五因素、人际关系能力的关系。结果发现:(1)青少年的孤独感存在显著的性别差异,男生显著高于女生;(2)在孤独感各维度中,除同伴关系评价与开放性的相关不显著外,其他维度与人格各维度及人际关系能力间均相关显著;(3)人格的情绪性和开放性显著正向预测孤独感,外向性、宜人性和人际关系能力显著负向预测孤独感;(4)在外向性、情绪性及开放性与孤独感的关系中,人际关系能力起部分中介作用,而在宜人性与孤独感的关系中,人际关系能力起完全中介作用。     

The role of visual form in lexical access: Evidence from Chinese classifier production

The interface between the conceptual and lexical systems was investigated in a word production setting. We tested the effects of two conceptual dimensions – semantic category and visual shape – on the selection of Chinese nouns and classifiers. Participants named pictures with nouns (“rope”) or classifier–noun phrases (“one-classifier–rope”) in three blocked picture naming experiments. In Experiment 1, we observed larger semantic category interference with phrases than with nouns, suggesting comparable semantic categorical effects on classifier and noun selection. In Experiments 2 and 3, items with similar shapes produced an interference effect when they were named with classifier–noun phrases, but not with bare nouns. This indicates that object shape modulates classifier (but not noun) selection. We conclude that object shape properties can by themselves influence word selection processes just as semantic relationships (captured by semantic category) do. The factors operating during word selection may be more diverse than has been previously thought.     

Confucian Views on War as Seen in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gongyang Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals</Emphasis>

This essay explores Confucian views on war as seen in the Spring and Autumn Annals. The interpretation is based mainly on the Gongyang Zhuan, supplemented by other authoritative sources in the Gongyang tradition, such as Dong Zhongshu (179-104 BCE) and He Xiu (129-182). The Spring and Autumn Annals contains three components: facts, words, and principles. This essay explicates the principles for going to war and the principles for conducting a war. The Confucian perspective sheds light on war against enemies of civilization, conditions for waging a preemptive war, punitive expedition, as well as the use of weapons of mass destruction. The Confucian views as presented here are realistic and pragmatic in nature but are also compatible with the humanistic concern of Confucianism. This essay ends with a summary of the salient and sophisticated features of the Confucian views on war.     

极端环境下个体绩效的负性表现

极端环境是指太空、深海、南北极、大型竞技比赛等对人的心理、生理功能提出较高要求的复杂恶劣环境条件。个体与环境之间的相互作用会对绩效表现产生一定影响。本文通过系统回顾国内外研究,并结合最新的认知神经科学研究结果,将极端环境下负性绩效表现的相关研究进展进行梳理与探讨。     

自我同一性研究的新模型——双环模型

自Erikson提出自我同一性的概念以来,它一直是发展心理学的重要课题,这方面的实证研究主要基于Marcia提出的同一性状态模型。随后的研究者Luyckx等人不断整合和改进状态模型,并结合自我关注领域对反思型自我关注和沉浸型自我关注的区分,提出了双环模型的理论。双环模型理论认为,广度探索、深度探索、沉浸探索、做出承诺和认同承诺五个维度构成了自我同一性形成和发展的两个环——"承诺形成环"和"承诺评价环",两个环之间不断地发生着动态的交互作用,其结果造成了自我同一性形成和发展的6种状态:达成,早闭,沉浸延缓,轻松混淆,扩散混淆和未分化。     

关于两种Angoff法比较的模拟实验研究

采用模拟实验法比较研究了两种Angoff法——概率法和对错法——设定分数线的准确性和稳定性,结果表明:(1)当真能力低于测验的平均难度时,概率法高估分数线,而对错法低估分数线;反之,当真能力高于测验平均难度时,概率法低估,而对错法高估;(2)当真能力接近测验平均难度时,概率法比对错法更准确;反之,当真能力远高于或低于测验平均难度时,对错法更准确;(3)无论在何种实验条件下,概率法均比对错法更稳定。     

The spirit of the school of principles in Zhu Xi’s discussion of “Dreams”—And on “Confucius did not Dream of Duke Zhou”

Dreams were a topic of study even in ancient times, and they are a special spiritual phenomenon. Generations of literati have defined the meaning of dreams in their own way, while Zhu Xi was perhaps the most outstanding one among them. He made profound explanations of dreams from aspects such as the relationship between dreams and the principles li and qi, the relationship between dreams and the state of the heart, and the relationship between dreams and an individual’s moral improvement. He summarized previous generations’ understanding of dreams and infused a new dimension from the School of Principles, pointing out a direction for individuals’ moral cultivation and spiritual pursuit. Zhu Xi also examined the opinions of Zhang Zai, Cheng Yi, Hu Hong and other thinkers on Confucius not dreaming of Duke Zhou in his later years, revealing differences between thinkers in the School of Principles. An analysis of Zhu Xi’s thoughts on dreams will provide deeper insight into the research on the School of Principles.     

大学生抑郁情绪和自我概念的相关研究

本研究使用抑郁自评量表和田纳西自我概念量表,对某大学近三百名大学生进行调查。结果发现30.7%以上的大学生有轻度抑郁;有抑郁情绪的大学生自我概念得分低于无抑郁情绪大学生且差异显著;抑郁情绪与自我概念部分因子存在着显著相关;有抑郁情绪大学生的自我概念在性别、年级、专业上存在显著的差异。这说明提高大学生的自我概念是避免产生抑郁情绪的良好途径。