硕士生就业压力源、人格、情绪调节策略与负性情绪的关系

该研究以某985高校550名硕士毕业生为样本,编制、修订了相关问卷或量表,通过数据分析探讨了就业压力源对就业过程产生的负性情绪的直接效应及人格、情绪调解策略等中介变量的效应。结果发现,就业压力源、神经质性对负性情绪有显著直接效应,就业压力源通过人格的神经质性维度对负性情绪产生显著间接效应;神经质性的影响程度大于就业压力源的影响程度。关于负性情绪,未发现情绪调节策略对其有显著的直接效应或中介效应。     

长时重复启动范式下言语理解中的信息表征

采用长时重复启动范式进一步探讨言语理解中信息表征的方式.实验1探讨听力理解中的信息表征,学习阶段采用句子理解任务,测验阶段进行图片判断任务,结果发现匹配和不匹配的图片的反应时和正确率没有显著差异,学过和未学过的图片的反应时和正确率也没有显著差异,说明听力理解中的信息表征是命题符号表征,而非知觉符号表征.实验2探讨阅读理解中的信息表征,结果同实验1,说明阅读理解中的信息表征也是命题符号表征,而非知觉符号表征.实验3在学习阶段和测验阶段都采用句子理解任务,结果发现学过的句子的反应时快于未学过的句子的反应时,学过的句子的正确率高于未学过的句子的正确率,说明前两个实验中没有出现学习效应是因为两个阶段任务类型差异较大造成的.综合3个实验的结果,可以初步得出结论,排除策略影响后,言语理解中没有产生知觉符号表征,先前句图匹配范式下的知觉符号表征很可能是一种策略性的表征.     

Long-lasting effects of inescapable-predator stress on brain tryptophan metabolism and the behavior of juvenile mice

The kynurenine (KYN) pathway, which is initiated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, is the main tryptophan (TRP) metabolic pathway. It shares TRP with the serotonin (5-HT) pathway. We investigated the influence of inescapable-predator (rat) stress on behavior and brain TRP metabolism in mice. Male ICR mice (4W) were exposed to 20-min inescapable-predator stress. Behavior on an elevated plus-maze, and TRP, KYN, and 5-HT levels in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and dorsal raphe nuclei were measured 1 and 4 weeks after stress exposure. Predator stress increased the number of open-arm entries (NOA) 4 weeks after stress exposure without altering the number of closed-arm entries (NCA). Thus, the open/closed-arm entry ratio (NOA/NCA) increased after stress exposure. Predator stress increased KYN levels in the prefrontal cortex (until 4 weeks after stress exposure) and dorsal raphe nuclei (for 1 week after stress exposure), decreased 5-HT levels in all brain regions (until 4 weeks after stress exposure). Thus, predator stress increased the KYN/5-HT ratio in all regions, in particular in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus until 4 weeks after stress exposure. Predator stress shifted the balance between the KYN and 5-HT pathways to the KYN pathway, and induced behavioral disinhibition.     

The association between infants' self-regulatory behavior and MAOA gene polymorphism

Self-regulatory behavior in early childhood is an important characteristic that has considerable implications for the development of adaptive and maladaptive functioning. The present study investigated the relations between a functional polymorphism in the upstream region of monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) and self-regulatory behavior in a sample of Chinese infants at 6 months of age. Self-regulation was assessed by observing infants' behavior of orienting visual attention away from a threatening event in the laboratory situation. The results indicated that regulatory behavior was associated with the functional MAOA gene polymorphism in girls, but not boys. Girls with 4/4 genotypes displayed significantly higher regulation than girls with 3/3 and 3/4 genotypes. The present study provided evidence for gender differences on the role of MAOA gene polymorphism in socioemotional functioning in the early years.     

关系研究的新取向：社会网络分析

社会网络分析（Social Network Analysis, SNA）是用社会实体之间的关系来描述、解释和预测社会现象的一种研究取向。SNA提供了深入探究社会环境特征及其对个体心理发展影响的一种方法。本文基于SNA的发展历程,依次介绍了中心性分析、小团体分析、位置分析、QAP以及统计模型法。SNA在社会学研究中得到了较多应用,近年来在心理学研究中开始受到重视。     

泰文和中文阅读过程中的眼动控制(中文)

This paper analyses some aspects of the eye movement behaviour of readers of Thai and Chinese. The main focus is on readers′landing site distributions on words and how these are affected by the lack of clear word boundary information due to the absence of inter-word spaces. Empirical evidence from Thai and Chinese readers suggest that readers can relatively accurately target word centres. We make the case that this accuracy can be accounted for by a default targetting model(effectively, the prior landing site distribution, in Bayesian terms)modulated by statistical cues about word beginnings available from word-initial character frequencies.     

薪酬差距:对公司盈余管理与经营绩效的影响

本文以我国993家上市公司为样本,对高管层的薪酬差距与公司盈余管理行为和公司绩效的相关性进行了实证检验.发现上市公司高管层薪酬差距的扩大,有利于减少高管层的盈余管理串谋,从而抑制为了提高薪酬而进行的盈余管理行为.同时,薪酬差距的加大会激励高管层更加努力地工作,体现在薪酬差距大的公司总资产收益率更高.这一结果印证了锦标赛理论,而组织公平理论所主张的薪酬差距的加大对组织内部合作的破坏等负面效应目前在我国上市公司中尚未产生显著的影响.     

中药在心血管疾病中应用现状与反思

具有悠久历史的中医药在现代医学中有鲜明的时代特点。心血管疾病是现代社会严重威胁生命及健康的病患。本文总结分析了古老中药在现代心血管疾病中应用的现状,并深入分析其影响因素,从而提出扬长避短的未来心血管疾病应用中药的思路。     

Hewitt多维完美主义量表在中学生群体中的修订

本研究以中学生群体为样本,对Hewitt多维完美主义量表(HMPS)进行修订。首先根据我国文化背景和青少年发展的具体状况建立了理论构想,接着对原量表进行了四次测查和检验修订,我们首先把指向他人和社会期望两个维度上的反向题改成正向题,并对所有项目的表述做了必要的修改;然后根据随后的测查结果进行了各维度和项目上的修改;最后删除了指向自我维度上的1个项目、指向他人维度上的2个项目和社会期望维度上的6个项目,修订后的HMPS量表的内部一致性信度α系数为0.91,指向自我、指向他人、社会期望的α系数分别为0.89,0.80,0.78,重测信度分别为0.80,0.79,0.67,与Frost多维完美主义量表中文修订版的相关分别为0.58,0.38,0.57。