Predictors of Depressive Symptoms Among Children Affected by HIV in Rural China: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study

The current study was designed to examine the trend of depression among children affected by HIV (n = 1,221) in rural China over a period of 3 years and to explore baseline psychosocial factors that can predict depressive symptoms at 1- and 2-year follow-ups. Baseline depression score, trusting relationship with caregivers, perceived public stigma against children affected by HIV, and future expectation at baseline positively predicted the 1-year follow-up depression, while children’ self-report health status, self-esteem, and perceived social support negatively predicted depression at 1-year follow-up survey. Depression and self-report health status at baseline significantly predicted depression at the 2-year follow-up. The data in the current study suggested that depressive symptoms were chronic or recurring among some children affected by HIV/AIDS. The findings also underscore the importance of early identification, early intervention, and ongoing counseling for mental health problems among children affected by HIV/AIDS. Future psychological support programs need to target both mental health symptoms and resilient factors that will help these children to cope with adverse life events associated with HIV/AIDS.     

现实场景典型空间位置关系客体的解码效应

通过探讨典型空间关系客体对中单个客体的视觉工作记忆,考察空间位置关系的解码特征和主动客体记忆优势。结果发现：（1）当客体以符合空间位置关系方式呈现时,记忆更准确;（2）符合空间位置关系条件下单个客体提取反应时更长,上方客体反应时更短,记忆更准确;（3）兼具空间位置关系与动作关系客体对中的主动客体记忆正确率更高。结果表明,现实场景客体空间分组中单个客体提取时存在解码现象和顺序效应,对现实中的上方与主动客体存在加工偏好。     

Reflective,Critical, and Reconstructing Contemporary Chinese Ethics

Contemporary Chinese ethics faces two theoretical tasks: expansion in breadth and exploration in depth. The former refers to the opening of the problem area, and the latter refers to the deepening of ethics itself. To get out of the dilemma that academic results in the area are abundant in quantity but low in quality, contemporary Chinese ethics should expand and deepen in the three dimensions, namely, “no longer,” “being” and “not yet.” Within the framework of “no longer,” efforts should be made to deepen the studies of the history of moral concept and practice, and the ethics of culture from the perspective of genetics; with regard to the perspective of “being,” the ethical reflection on public crisis, system and Lnstitutional ethics, the dilemma of virtue theory and normative theory, and the conflicts and generalization between different moral paradigms will become the difficulties that require in-depth analysis and demonstration. As for the contemporary Chinese ethics towards “not yet,” attention must be paid to the duality of modern technology, the origin of human ethics based on building a community with a shared future for mankind and the moral philosophy that goes deep into people’s minds. To complete the above theoretical tasks, one must have judgment, thinking, and willingness, which can only be cultivated in the experience and thinking of “practical” life.     

汉语阅读中词N+2的预视对高频词N+1加工影响的眼动研究

本研究采用边界范式,控制单字词N+1的预视加工负荷和词N+2首字的预视信息类型,探讨了汉语阅读中词N+2的预视对高频单字词N+1加工产生的影响。结果发现,当词N+1的预视为低加工负荷时,词N+2首字的预视对词N+1的加工产生了显著的影响;当词N+2首字的预视字与词N+1正字法相似,并且只呈现在副中央凹中时,显著的阻碍了词N+1随后的加工。结果表明,副中央凹中词N+2能够获得预视加工,可能获得正字法预视信息并对随后词N+1的加工产生了影响,并且这种影响受词N+1的预视加工负荷的调节。实验结果符合注意梯度指引模型的假设。     

社会主义荣辱观: 时代伦理精神的体现

"哲学是时代精神的体现",一个时代、一个历史时期的伦理精神同样体现在那个时代、那个历史时期的主导性道德观念之中.胡锦涛同志提出的以"八荣八耻"为主要内容的社会主义荣辱观,是我国在建构社会主义市场经济体制、建设社会主义和谐社会、落实科学发展观和实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史背景下提出的,集中反映了社会主义市场经济体制下我国社会道德建设的新的历史性要求,是建设社会主义和谐社会的强有力的道德精神保障.     

"道德危机"及其社会根源

我国社会目前所面临的"道德危机"实质上是"道德信念危机",是道德"权威性"的下降以及由此引起的道德自律或道德约束力的不断弱化.危机的社会根源之一是经济和政治系统之间形成的货币与权力的畸形交易对生活世界的侵犯.     

转化医学的哲学认识

转化医学是将基础研究成果转化为实际应用的理念和方法,属于认识范畴,是医学实践发展的产物,其内涵随着医学实践的发展而发展;转化医学是对基础医学和临床医学之间分割局面的否定之否定;转化医学的具体实施过程体现了认识事物的一般规律,它的研究主体、客体和方法属于复杂系统,所以须以系统理论为指导才能得以顺利实现。     

我国转化医学发展现状的思考

转化医学在当今世界发展迅速,虽然在我国起步较晚,但取得了巨大的成就,建立了许多转化医学研究机构,积极开展合作交流,但不可避免地存在一些问题,诸如创新能力不足、顶层设计不够和人才缺乏等,为此提出相应对策和未来发展的前景,同时指出转化医学在我国不仅是学术问题,而且是社会问题.     

浅议医疗活动中的提醒

概述医疗活动中提醒对防范医疗差错的意义,结合心理学相关知识探讨各种提醒的方式方法.医疗活动中的提醒包括针对医务人员的提醒和针对患者的提醒,前者包括同行提醒和自我提醒.同行间个别提醒应注意时机和方式,应根据提醒的内容来决定集体提醒的规模,强调集体提醒载体的实用性.自我提醒包括记忆提醒和自我认识的提醒,介绍两种记忆提醒的方法,分析自我认知提醒困难的原因和对策.针对患者的提醒应强调礼貌原则,对其错误认识应及早提醒,并简述提醒管理对提醒的作用,以期对医护人员在医疗活动中的提醒实践起一定的参考作用.     

对以边沁、密尔为代表的功利主义的分析批判

边沁的功利主义为苦乐原理、效果论和功利原则这样三个理论基点所构成。这是一个有着内在逻辑困境的三原理。苦乐原理由于没有进行内在的质的区分,为密尔所修正,但密尔的修正突出了苦乐原理与效果论的内在不一致;同时,密尔以自我牺牲来补充功利主义,又暴露了功利主义原则的内在矛盾。还有,密尔以平等权利来为功利主义的最大幸福原理辩护,恰恰表明功利原则并非是可以成为一个理论的基础性原则或终极原则。斯马特的行动功利主义则进一步暴露了功利主义的非正义性特性。功利主义的这样三个典范表明仅仅诉诸功利原则无从走出内在逻辑困境。布兰特援引认知理论以及道义论原则,笔认为这才使功利主义从其困境中走出。