北京学生对日刻板印象及3·11地震后的情绪和援助意向研究

研究采用问卷法探讨了北京市大中小学生对日本人的刻板印象差异、日本3·11地震后情绪与援助意向的不同,以及刻板印象和情绪反应对于其援助意向的影响,结果发现:(1)北京市大中小学生对日本人的总体刻板印象偏消极,但高中生和大学生在能力维度表示了一定程度的肯定;(2)日本3·11地震后,大中小学生整体的情绪反应程度不强;但高中生和大学生较之小学生和初中生表现出更多的悲伤、同情等亲社会情绪,而更少幸灾乐祸情绪;(3)大中小学生在是否对日本进行援助的问题上显得比较保守;(4)对日本人的刻板印象与地震后的情绪反应和援助意向之间存在显著相关;(5)各群体中,亲社会情绪在对日本人的刻板印象和地震后的援助意向之间起部分中介作用;但对地震本身的事件应对情绪并不存在这种中介效应.结论:北京市大中小学生对日本人的刻板印象较为消极,其对3·11地震后援助倾向有显著影响,且这种作用部分是通过亲社会情绪产生的.     

The mental health of children of migrant workers in Beijing: The protective role of public school attendance

The present study aims to understand the mental health status of an understudied group of migrant children – children of migrant workers in China. A total of 1,466 children from Beijing participated in the study that compared migrant children (n = 1,019) to their local peers (n = 447) in public and private school settings. Results showed that overall, migrant children reported more internalizing and externalizing mental health problems and lower life satisfaction than local peers. However, public school attendance served as a protective factor for migrant children's mental health. The mental health status of migrant children attending public schools, including externalizing problems as well as friend and school satisfaction, was not different from local children. In addition, our data indicates that the protective effect of public school attendance for migrant children may be even more salient among girls than boys, and for younger children than older children.     

对塔斯基“真”理论的辩护——与陈晓平教授商榷

陈晓平教授对塔斯基的"真"理论提出四点批评,并给出了使用"T′模式"作为真之定义的建议。但"T′模式"并不具有"内容恰当性"和"形式正确性",其引入的对"p"的摹状词解释比塔斯基的方案更复杂,对"真"进行递归定义在现有逻辑学内是不可能的。陈晓平教授对塔斯基"真"理论的批评和建议的失误之处在于误解塔斯基的原意、引入形而上学词项、需要新建形式逻辑。总之,其作为真之定义的"T′模式"是"不能允许地冗长"。     

Parent–child relationships and depressive symptom among Chinese college students: the mediating role of psychological needs satisfaction and the moderating role of mindfulness

Prior studies have revealed that positive parent–child relationships are negatively associated with college students’ depressive symptom. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relation whether specific mediators or moderators are at play are little known. Therefore, the current study examined the potential mediating role of psychological needs satisfaction and the moderating role of mindfulness in the link between parent–child relationships and depressive symptom among college students. A total of 900 college students from Shenzhen, China (53.40% male; M_age?=?19.82, SD?=?1.01, range from 17 to 27 years) completed questionnaires regarding parent–child relationships, psychological needs satisfaction, mindfulness, and depressive symptom. This study found that (1) parent–child relationships are negatively related to college students’ depressive symptom; (2) psychological needs satisfaction could be a potential mediator in the link between parent–child relationships and depressive symptom; and (3) mindfulness could moderate both the relation between parent–child relationships and depressive symptom as well as that between psychological needs satisfaction and depressive symptom, and those relations were weaker among college students with high levels of mindfulness than those with low levels of mindfulness. The current study highlights the mediating and moderating mechanisms that may underlie the correlation between parent–child relationships and depressive symptom, which may contribute to the development of more effective intervention and prevention programs for alleviating college students’ depressive symptom.

     

Visual-Syntactic Text Formatting: Developing EFL Learners’ Reading Fluency Components

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research - Developing English reading fluency (ERF) is challenging due to cross-linguistic differences between L1 and L2. This study replicated, with modifications,...     

童年及当前环境压力对跨期选择的影响:时间感知的中介作用

本文分别以90名和70名大学生为被试,通过问卷调查和实验任务的方式,探究童年环境、当前环境压力、时间感知和跨期选择四者之间的关系。结果表明:(1)童年环境影响时间感知,相比童年社会经济地位高的个体,童年社会经济地位低的个体更倾向于高估时距。(2)在正常环境下,个体时间感知完全中介作用于童年环境和跨期选择之间的关系,童年环境通过影响个体时间感知进而影响个体的跨期选择。(3)在当前环境压力下,时间感知并未起到中介作用。研究表明,时间感知在童年压力与在当前环境压力条件下,对跨期选择的影响作用不同。     

Working memory task decreases the survival of newly born neurons in hippocampus

Throughout life new neurons are generated in dentate gyrus of hippocampus. Previous studies have found that spatial tasks can rescue newly born neurons from death. However, it is still unknown whether new neurons are similarly affected by all types of hippocampal-dependent tasks. Here we investigated the possible effects of working memory task (WMT) on immature neurons. Mice were trained in reference memory task and WMT respectively. The reference memory task used the classical hidden platform (HP) water maze task, while WMT used a delayed matching-to-place (DMTP) water maze task. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administrated during the early or late phase of training, or 1week prior to training, in order to label dividing proliferating cells. After water maze training, the number of BrdU-labeled cells in dentate gyrus of hippocampus was compared. In addition, hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Notch 1 receptor were characterized using Western blot. Serum corticosterone levels were also measured using enzyme immunoassay. Results showed that HP task and DMTP task did not change the number of BrdU-labeled cells produced during the early or late phase of training. As expected, the HP task increased the number of BrdU-labeled cells produced 1 week prior to training. However, DMTP task decreased the number of BrdU-labeled cells produced 1 week prior to training. Both tasks lead to a significant increase in serum corticosterone levels and did not change the expression of BDNF and Notch 1 receptor in hippocampus. Taken together, these results demonstrate that WMT has different effects on survival of immature neurons, and therefore suggests immature neurons may have more than one role depending on the demands of the tasks.     

马克思分配公正思想的逻辑生成 ——基于《哥达纲领批判》视阈

马克思关于生产方式决定分配方式的历史唯物主义观点是认知和建构分配公正的逻辑前提。在共产主义社会第一阶段,要以创造价值的劳动为基本尺度实行分配,即按劳分配,虽然以劳动为尺度对社会总产品进行分配的原则超越了"按资分配",但按劳分配也是特殊公正论,仍然是形式公正,是初步的、非完全意义上的实质公正。分配的实质公正——按需分配,只有在共产主义社会高级阶段才能实现。     

P3 event-related potentials and childhood maltreatment in successful and unsuccessful psychopaths

Although P3 event-related potential abnormalities have been found in psychopathic individuals, it is unknown whether successful (uncaught) psychopaths and unsuccessful (caught) psychopaths show similar deficits. In this study, P3 amplitude and latency were assessed from a community sample of 121 male adults using an auditory three-stimulus oddball task. Psychopathy was assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (Hare, 2003) while childhood physical maltreatment was assessed using the Conflict Tactic Scale (Straus, 1979). Results revealed that compared to normal controls, unsuccessful psychopaths showed reduced parietal P3 amplitudes to target stimuli and reported experienced more physical abuse in childhood. In contrast, successful psychopaths exhibited larger parietal P3 amplitude and shorter frontal P3 latency to irrelevant nontarget stimuli than unsuccessful psychopaths. This is the first report of electrophysiological processing differences between successful and unsuccessful psychopaths, possibly indicating neurocognitive and psychosocial distinctions between these two subtypes of psychopathy.