The role of inhibitory control in the development of analogical reasoning: From general to specific

This study examined the role of inhibitory control in the development of analogical reasoning using inter-task priming paradigms. In Experiment 1, 25 seven-year-olds, 27 nine-year-olds, and 27 adults completed Stroop tasks, which activated general inhibitory control ability, before analogical reasoning tasks. Children and adults performed faster on analogical reasoning tasks when they were primed by Stroop tasks. This priming effect was found to be stronger in children than in adults. In Experiment 2, 25 seven-year-olds, 28 nine-year-olds, and 28 adults completed relative number matching tasks, a more task-relevant inhibitory control task, before analogical reasoning tasks. The children and adults performed faster on analogical reasoning tasks when primed by relative number matching tasks. The priming effect was greater in seven-year-olds than in nine-year-olds and was greater in nine-year-olds than in adults. Thus, inhibitory control, whether assessed with general or specific tasks, played a priming role in analogical reasoning.     

我们如何通达他人的意识?——发生心理学的进路与现象学的进路

"他心知"问题在二十世纪初就已成为哲学心理学研究的焦点,在当时围绕这一问题形成了"有关异己意识之把握的发生理论"。在这些发生理论中,最具代表性的有三种,即模仿理论、类比推论理论和联想同感理论。但在现象学家们看来,这些发生理论都存在着各种各样的问题,现象学所要做的恰恰是试图以一种"同感现象学"来取代这些发生理论。当代神经科学的发展也在一定程度上推进了"他心知"问题的研究,在此新的视域下,现象学进路之得失需要得到反省。