Paired associate learning in Chinese children with dyslexia

A total of 82 Chinese 11- and 12-year-olds with and without dyslexia were tested on four paired associate learning (PAL) tasks, phonological awareness, morphological awareness, rapid naming, and verbal short-term memory in three different experiments. Experiment 1 demonstrated that children with dyslexia were significantly poorer in visual-verbal PAL than nondyslexic children but that these groups did not differ in visual-visual PAL performance. In Experiment 2, children with dyslexia had more difficulties in transferring rules to new stimuli in a rule-based visual-verbal PAL task as compared with children without dyslexia. Long-term retention of PAL was not impaired in dyslexic children across either experiment. In Experiment 3, rates of visual-verbal PAL deficits among children with dyslexia were all at or above 39%, the highest among all cognitive deficits tested. Moreover, rule-based visual-verbal PAL, in addition to morphological awareness and rapid naming ability, uniquely distinguished children with and without dyslexia even with other metalinguistic skills statistically controlled. Results underscore the importance of visual-verbal PAL for understanding reading impairment in Chinese children.     

Community group membership protects the well‐being of adults experiencing socio‐economic disadvantage

The present research examined the mechanisms through which community groups improve well‐being in adults (N = 156) experiencing socio‐economic disadvantage. Analysis showed that joining a group improved outcomes by enhancing people's group identification and wider sense of belonging to multiple groups and that this effect was stronger for more socio‐economically disadvantaged participants.     

面孔知觉中特征、结构和整体加工策略的眼动研究

考察面孔知觉中特征加工、结构加工和整体加工三种不同加工方式对应的眼动模式。实验1中, 将以特征信息为主的错乱面孔和以结构信息为主的模糊面孔作为线索刺激, 引发对测试面孔的特征加工和结构加工, 眼动分析表明：特征加工表现为对面孔各特征内更长的凝视时间, 结构加工表现为对面孔各特征间高频的眼跳。实验2采用相同的研究范式, 将完整面孔、轻度错乱面孔和低水平模糊面孔作为线索刺激, 引发对测试面孔除特征加工和结构加工外的另一种加工方式-- 整体加工, 表现为注视点更多地落在测试面孔中央区的鼻子部位以扩大注视范围, 进而把握整张面孔信息。本研究揭示了三种不同面孔加工方式眼动模式的差异。     

加拿大三大研究理事会政策宣言及对我国多中心伦理审查的启示

1998年, 三大研究理事会政策宣言 (Tri-Council Policy Statement, TCPS) 正式通过, 2011年通过了第二版, 是加拿大多中心伦理审查领域的重要准则。TCPS通过构建适宜的多中心伦理审查决策框架、注意多中心伦理审查的沟通及透明度、确保充足的资源以支持多中心伦理审查进程以及妥善处理操作层面问题等途径, 提高多中心伦理审查的效率与成功率。可以在强化多中心伦理审查立法、注意协调多方关系、确保研究项目的科学性以及对审查人员进行教育培训等方面为我国多中心伦理审查提供借鉴。     

行为意图与行为结果的匹配关系对儿童道德情绪判断及归因影响的实验研究

运用故事情境的临床访谈方法,考察了不同匹配情境对4-6岁儿童道德情绪判断及归因的影响.结果表明(1)当行为意图与行为结果匹配时,即便4岁幼儿也能做出正确的道德和情绪判断;当两者非匹配时,儿童的道德判断和情绪判断都不稳定;(2)在情绪归因过程中,年幼儿童以结果定向为主,年长儿童以意图定向为主;(3)4-6岁儿童在情绪判断任务中不存在年龄差异;(4)道德情境的冲突性因素影响了幼儿的道德情绪判断及归因.     

大学生社会支持对主观幸福感的影响机制——自我控制及抑郁的中介作用

以300名大学生为被试,采用问卷调查法探讨了自我控制、抑郁在社会支持与主观幸福感关系间的中介效应。结果发现：(1) 自我控制和抑郁都在社会支持预测主观幸福感时具有中介效应;(2) 抑郁与自我控制相互作用调节着社会支持与主观幸福感的关系,在其中起着中介影响作用。采用EQS5.7b分析进一步验证了这一结果。     

中国留学生的文化认同、社会取向与主观幸福感

采用问卷,调查了在澳大利亚的144名中国留学生的文化认同、社会取向及主观幸福感。结果显示,随着文化融入的进程,中国留学生对澳大利亚主流文化认同增强,对中国文化认同减弱;文化融入进程对个体取向没有显著影响,但通过主族和客族文化认同间接地减弱集体取向;中国留学生的文化认同和社会取向均可直接影响其幸福感;文化融入进程可直接影响中国留学生的幸福感,并可通过文化认同和社会取向对其幸福感产生间接的影响。     

“儒学与西方文明”学术座谈会在京召开

2008年4月6日,国际儒学联合会与中国无神论学会联合举办学术座谈会。此次会议的主题是“儒学与西方文明”。十多位中西方哲学、宗教学界著名学者与会，各抒己见，切磋交流，会议气氛十分活跃。     

佛教文化的社会价值与影响

佛教文化在推动文明进步和发展的历史长河中,创造出举世瞩目的文化成就,发挥着重要的社会功能。在现代社会走向成熟的过程中,物文化的严重弊端也开始显现。现代性危机归根到底是一场"人类自我认识的危机",是物文化无法超越自身局限性的必然结果。只有我们的文化精神超越物文化、达到新的层次,才有可能从根本上消除这场危机。文化精神的向内超越,必须借助于丰富深刻的智慧见地。在东方文化的土壤中,这种内向的心灵智慧发展得尤其充分,东方圣哲们的智慧结晶共同构成了"心文化"的主要内容。这场朝向内心的伟大进军势必开启人类社会的第三次伟大变革。     

Attachment anxiety and attentional control predict immediate and delayed emotional Stroop interference

Attachment anxiety has been associated with a hyperactivating response to threat. A modified emotional Stroop task was used to investigate temporal characteristics of the threat response by assessing response latencies to interpersonally threatening words (immediate interference) and two directly subsequent neutral filler words (delayed interference). Greater immediate and delayed interference to threatening words was observed (n = 125), with higher levels of attachment anxiety associated with immediate interference to threatening cues, and lower levels with delayed interference. Thus, attachment anxiety was related to the speed at which moderate perceived threat disrupted ongoing processes under top-down attentional control. Furthermore, top-down attentional control moderated the extent to which immediate or delayed interference was observed. Among participants who demonstrated relatively stronger top-down attentional control, immediate and delayed interference to threatening cues was minimal, suggesting that results involving emotional Stroop interference were primarily attributable to participants with relatively weaker top-down attentional control. The implications of these findings are considered within the broader context of performance-based and neuroimaging research, with suggestions for future applied research.