名词具体性效应的眼动研究

通两个实验考察名词的具体性效应.实验一采用词汇判断法,考察名词的具体性效应.采用2（具体性：具体、抽象）×2（词频：高频、低频）的两因素被试内实验设计.结果表明：低频词存在具体性效应.实验二应用眼动技术,以EyelinkⅡ眼动仪为工具,考察在句子阅读中的名词具体性效应.实验为单因素被试内设计,自变量为句子中目标词的具体性.结果表明：在句子语境条件下,低频词也存在具体性效应,而且这种效应表现在低频词的晚期加工阶段.     

亲子依恋与初中生人际宽恕的关系:一个有调节的中介模型

采用问卷法对浙江省四所初中的502名在校学生进行调查,探讨亲子依恋与人际宽恕的关系,提出一个有调节的中介模型,考察共情的中介作用和自尊的调节作用。结果发现:(1)亲子依恋对初中生人际宽恕既有直接预测作用,又可通过共情间接影响人际宽恕;(2)亲子依恋通过共情的间接效应受到自尊的调节,即相对于低自尊个体,共情对高自尊初中生亲子依恋与人际宽恕关系的影响更显著。本研究表明,安全的依恋关系有利于培养初中生的共情,进而促进人际宽恕,但是较低的自尊水平会阻碍共情作用的发挥。结果提示培养良好的亲子关系和提高自尊水平对于初中生宽恕品质的发展有重要作用。     

Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with negatively variable impacts on domains of sleep disturbances: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sleep disturbances are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the features of sleep disturbances are not well understood. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of SLE on specific sleep quality domains and to determine its prevalence and associations. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the sleep outcomes of individuals with SLE and healthy controls. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science CNKI, VIP, CNKI and Wanfang database were searched to find the published literatures (from these databases established to May 2017). Studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and the qualities of included studies were evaluated. The data was analyzed using Revman5.3 software. Score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scoring system was used as the outcome measurement, and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Five studies were included, including 350 SLE and 1396 healthy controls. A total of 5 studies including 827 patients were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. In this meta-analysis, each domain of the PSQI score: subjective sleep quality (MD, .58; 95% CI, .26, .89), sleep latency(MD, .47; 95% CI, .21, .73), sleep duration (MD, .36; 95% CI, .13, .58), habitual sleep efficiency (MD, .58; 95% CI, .32, .84),sleep disorders (MD, .56; 95% CI, .34, .77), use of sleep medication (MD, .56; 95% CI, .33, .80), daytime dysfunction (MD, .57; 95% CI, .11, 1.04) and the global score (MD, 3.59; 95% CI, 1.37, 5.80) were higher in SLE women than healthy controls. Furthermore, subjective sleep quality and habitual sleep efficiency were most severely affected especially. It demonstrated that targeted interventions should be done to improve their sleep quality. Early recognition and appropriate intervention are essential to reduce the negative impact of sleep disturbances on the patient’s sleep quality and outcome of their disease.     

Linking job control to employee creativity: The roles of creative self‐efficacy and regulatory focus

Providing job control to employees has been used to improve employee creativity in many organizations. However, the underlying psychological mechanism between job control and employee creativity has not been sufficiently examined. Whether the mechanism is consistent among different individuals rarely has been studied. Drawing on social cognitive theory and regulatory focus theory, we propose a moderated mediation model to investigate the relationship between job control and employee creativity as well as the mechanism and boundary condition of this relationship. We test our model using survey data from 182 supervisor–subordinate dyads collected from China. The results reveal that job control is positively related to employee creativity via creative self‐efficacy. A promotion focus moderates the indirect effect of job control on employee creativity via creative self‐efficacy such that the positive relationship between job control and creative self‐efficacy is stronger among high promotion focus employees, but a prevention focus does not moderate the relationship. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in this study.     

MELD-SCH: A megastudy of lexical decision in simplified Chinese

Here we report on MELD-SCH (MEgastudy of Lexical Decision in Simplified CHinese), a dataset that contains the lexical decision data of 1,020 one-character, 10,022 two-character, 949 three-character, and 587 four-character simplified Chinese words obtained from 504 native Chinese users. It also includes a number of word-level and character-level variables. Analyses showed that the reliability of the dataset is satisfactory, as indicated by split-half correlations and comparisons with other datasets. Item-based regression showed that both word-level and character-level variables contributed significantly to the reaction times and error rates of lexical decision. Moreover, we discovered a U-shape relationship between word-length and reaction times, which has not been reported in Chinese before. MELD-SCH can facilitate research in Chinese word recognition by providing high quality normative data and information of different linguistic variables. It also encourages researchers to extend their empirical findings, which are mostly based on one-character and two-character words, to words of different lengths.     

Parental Rearing Behaviors and Adolescent’s Social Trust: Roles of Adolescent Self-esteem and Class Justice Climate

Research on the antecedents and underlying mechanisms of the formation of adolescent social trust is scant. Family and school are two major environments in which adolescents become socialized. The current study examined the effect of parental rearing behaviors (rejection, emotional warmth and overprotection) on adolescent social trust, exploring the mediating role of adolescent self-esteem and the multilevel moderated role of the Level 2 variable class justice climate. The sample included 612 (12–16 years old) middle school students in China. Participants completed the s-EMBU, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Rosenberg’s Faith in People Scale and the perceptions of class justice scale, along with other control variables. The results suggested that parental rearing behaviors significantly predicted adolescent social trust, regardless of adolescent gender or age. Additional mediation analysis suggested that parental rearing behaviors had both direct effects on adolescent social trust and indirect effects through adolescent self-esteem. Further multilevel structural equation modeling indicated that class justice climate moderated the effect of parental rejection on adolescent self-esteem. The findings suggest that family and school practice jointly shape adolescents’ social trust. How parents treat their children has a huge influence on the degree to which their children trust other people. In addition, perceived class justice could buffer the harmfulness of negative parental rearing behaviors.     

Computing aspects of power for multiple regression.

Rules of thumb for power in multiple regression research abound. Most such rules dictate the necessary sample size, but they are based only upon the number of predictor variables, usually ignoring other critical factors necessary to compute power accurately. Other guides to power in multiple regression typically use approximate rather than precise equations for the underlying distribution; entail complex preparatory computations; require interpolation with tabular presentation formats; run only under software such as Mathmatica or SAS that may not be immediately available to the user; or are sold to the user as parts of power computation packages. In contrast, the program we offer herein is immediately downloadable at no charge, runs under Windows, is interactive, self-explanatory, flexible to fit the user's own regression problems, and is as accurate as single precision computation ordinarily permits.     

Rats’ visual-spatial working memory: New object choice accuracy as a function of number of objects in the study array

When rats had to find new (jackpot) objects for rewards from among previously sampled baited objects, increasing the number of objects in the sample (study) segment of a trial from 3 to 5 and then to 7 (Experiment 1) or from 3 to 6 and 9 (Experiments 2 and 3) or from 6 to 9 and 12 (Experiment 4) did not reduce rats’ test segment performance. Increasing study segment size improved test segment performance contrary the limited-capacity hypothesis concerning rats’ spatial working memory. This effect occurred when objects either differed visually (Experiments 1, 2, 4) or only by odor (Experiment 3). Rats performed no better than chance in finding a jackpot on their first choice from among three visually different objects in Experiments 1 and 2. Furthermore, results from Experiments 2 and 3 indicate that differences in the probability of finding a jackpot by chance in Experiment 1 were not responsible for failure to find the predicted inverse relationship. Results from Experiment 4 indicate that those from Experiments 2 and 3 were not solely due to size of test arrays. We discussed whether our findings could be attributed to innate foraging or perceptual isolation processes during testing or to perceptual encoding processes during exposure to study segment arrays.     

Resources Matter: Combined Influence of Job Demands and Job Control on Creative Process Engagement

Considerable research has been conducted on employee creativity, but it has generally focused on creative outcomes and rarely paid attention to employees’ engagement in creative processes, that is, creative process engagement. Further, job characteristics as antecedents are little understood. Drawing on the job demands-resources model and the conservation of resources theory, this study examines the relationship between challenge-hindrance demands and creative process engagement at different levels of job control. In total, 572 questionnaires from China were used to test our proposed model through hierarchical regression analysis. The results show that when job control is high, the effect of challenge demands on creative process engagement is U-shaped, while that of hindrance demands is negative. When job control is low, both challenge and hindrance demands are not related to creative process engagement.     

If structured propositions are logical procedures then how are procedures individuated?

This paper deals with two issues. First, it identifies structured propositions with logical procedures. Second, it considers various rigorous definitions of the granularity of procedures, hence also of structured propositions, and comes out in favour of one of them. As for the first point, structured propositions are explicated as algorithmically structured procedures. I show that these procedures are structured wholes that are assigned to expressions as their meanings, and their constituents are sub-procedures occurring in executed mode (as opposed to displayed mode). Moreover, procedures are not mere aggregates of their parts; rather, procedural constituents mutually interact. As for the second point, there is no universal criterion of the structural isomorphism of meanings, hence of co-hyperintensionality, hence of synonymy for every kind of language. The positive result I present is an ordered set of rigorously defined criteria of fine-grained individuation in terms of the structure of procedures. Hence procedural semantics provides a solution to the problem of the granularity of co-hyperintensionality.