经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）后无复流现象的综合解析

现已证明无复流现象的发生会明显降低经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)效果,影响患者近、远期预后。应用综合思维探讨无复流现象发生的机理、制定预防策略至关重要。     

心理治疗两种范式的对立及其整合

心理治疗有两种不同的范式:科学主义治疗范式和人文主义治疗范式。前者主要由行为疗法和认知—行为疗法的诸种治疗形式所构成;后者则包括当事人中心疗法、存在疗法等。两种范式在人性观、心理诊断、治疗关系、治疗方法和治疗目的等方面存在着明显的对立。对此进行分析,并提出两者整合的构思,以期裨益于心理治疗实践。     

专家和新手不确定决策认知过程的比较研究

本研究将风险投资决策作为不确定决策任务,采用专家-新手比较研究范型,通过出声思维法和访谈法,探讨了专家和新手不确定决策认知过程的差异。研究发现,这种差异体现在专家和新手所拥有的关于决策任务的认识和观念、决策信息选择、推理过程和决策策略等方面。     

Psychological characteristics of over- and undercontrolled violent offenders

Megargee (1966, 1973) has predicted a number of concomitant social, behavioral, and psychological differences between chronically undercontrolled and chronically overcontrolled violent individuals. Attempts to validate his theory, however, have resulted in seriously inconsistent findings, possibly because of the use of a measure to classify violent subjects that is of seemingly dubious validity--the Overcontrolled Hostility (OH) Scale (Megargee, Cook, & Mendelsohn, 1967). The present study used a different strategy--the classification of subjects by expert raters on the basis of extensive case history information--to compare overcontrolled violent, undercontrolled violent, and nonviolent criminal offenders on a number of psychometric measures (16PF, Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire, Picture Situation Test, and the OH Scale). The findings were broadly consistent with predictions derived from Megargee's theory. Contrary to expectation, however, the nonviolent group did not obtain scores intermediate to the other two groups, but was statistically indistinguishable from the undercontrolled group, leaving a question as to the appropriateness of conceptualizing the typology in terms of over- and undercontrol of hostility and suggesting the necessity for some revision of the theory.     

Learning of lists of properties related to familiar objects

Four groups of Ss simultaneously learn six-word lists that indicate common objects' properties. Words of each list may either all correspond to the same object (highest homogeneity level), or, inversely, correspond to six different objects (highest heterogeneity level), with two intermediate situations in between.The homogeneity of lists has a main effect upon learning. It is hypothesized that the object corresponding to the words of a list is used, when it is detected, as a federator for this words, and thus facilitates their recall. It is concluded there is a certain similarity between word lists corresponding to several properties of an object and taxonomic lists.     

Origin of the speech apparatus and its reconstruction in fossils.

Renewed enthusiasm has produced provocative speculations in recent literature on the origin of speech. The purpose of the present investigation is to expose the adaptive renovations underlying the emergence of a “Vocal Tract” and from this to define its anatomical substrate which governs the biomechanics of speech production. The vocal tract is a double resonator tube coupled in series and composed of oral and pharyngeal cavities. Analysis is made of the crucial structural elements of this complex from detailed dissections in modern man and the study of modern and fossil hominid crania. The study focuses on relations of the skull base, jaw, hyoid bone and the contained tongue, pharynx and valvular devices, calling into question recent reconstructions built on classical Neanderthal skulls.     

Personality traits of a group of young adults from different family structures.

The impact of parental divorce and remarriage and young adults' gender on second-order personality traits, such as extraversion, anxiety, tough poise and independence, was examined. The responses of 227 young adults on the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF; Cattell, Eber, & Tatsuoka, 1970) were subjected to a parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Results revealed significant differences between the anxiety scores of the young men and women as well as between those of the three different family-structure groups, but divorce and remarriage was not associated with either positive or negative personality development in this sample.     

血吸虫逃避补体杀伤的机制研究

寄生虫免疫逃避的机理非常复杂,且随着虫种,生活史阶段的不同而不同。传统的对寄生虫免疫逃避的解释的有抗原变异,抗原伪装等等,现在的研究认为,一些补体调节因子,如ＣＤ５５ＣＤ５９等可能在血吸虫童虫逃避补体杀伤中起重要作用。     

Gender and Sexual Risk

Two hypotheses are evaluated in thisinvestigation of gender differences in the attitudinaland behavioral correlates of sexual risk. Thedifference in magnitude hypothesispredicts that the same factors are implicated for women and men butdifferences occur in the strength of correlates.Alternatively, women may engage in sexual risk fordifferent reasons than do men, leading to adifference in pattern hypothesis. We compared these possibilitieswith a sample of 576 primarily White, middle-class,never-married college students, most of whom werebetween 17 and 25 years of age. Analyses of loveattitudes, risk perception, sensation seeking, and riskbehaviors in other domains in relation to sexual riskbehavior showed some gender similarities as well asdifferences. Findings were more consistent with the difference in pattern hypothesis than with thedifference in magnitude hypothesis.     

循证医学时代安慰剂的再认识

安慰剂的治疗作用早已被人们认识,但是对于其在医学上的应用却一直存在争议。在循证医学兴起的今天,我们应该如何辩证地看待安慰剂的作用及不足,以及在临床试验中应该如何应用安慰剂是一个值得探讨的问题。