血管介入治疗与自然力再平衡：从扶持到掣肘

自然力是组织维持稳态的自愈能力,完善的内皮及平滑肌功能构成血管自然力基础。损伤力为打破组织稳态的破坏力。自然力弱于损伤力时,负平衡形成,疾病发生发展,需外援医疗干预扶持恢复自然力平衡。经数代技术革新,介入治疗后的血管事件发生率显著下降,但异物引起慢性炎症及再狭窄问题凸显,介入治疗与血管自然力陷入再狭窄-再介入的"对抗平衡",如何避免这种"掣肘"状态成为血管介入治疗后续的核心问题。生物可吸收支架及可回收支架为适度干预介入理念的新生产物,有望在干预成功后恢复血管自然状态,真正意义上实现自然力再平衡。     

一个熟悉的预见声音重新复活

美国已故著名天文学家兼科普作家卡尔·萨根的一系列关于科学和宗教的讲座被重新发掘出来并整理出版,这让萨根重新加入了一场正在进行的关于宗教的辩论。     

消防武警新兵适应不良影响因素的中介效应模型

采用军人适应不良量表、核心自我评价量表、自我韧性量表、亲子关系问卷和军营联结问卷对435名消防武警新兵进行调查,考察了消防武警新兵适应不良的影响因素及其内在机制。结果发现：1）核心自我评价、韧性、亲子关系和军营联结与适应不良均显著负相关。2）韧性在核心自我评价与适应不良关系间起着部分中介作用,军营联结在核心自我评价、亲子关系与适应不良关系间起着部分中介作用。     

新闻学领域的道德困境及其解读

大众传媒及其工作者在新闻实践中经常面临着道德价值选择冲突问题,需要我们在伦理的反思批判中逐渐达成共识。通过对新闻学领域内较为常见的客观报道与人文关怀的冲突、隐性采访与社会正义的冲突、舆论自由与独立审判的冲突进行解读,或许能为大众传媒及其工作者的道德价值选择提供道德依据和价值基础,从而为化解此类困境提供一定的理论思路。     

Personality and mental health: an investigation of South African police trainees

The relationship between personality and mental health was investigated in one cohort of police trainees at a South African police academy (1145 police recruits; 648 men, 497 women). Male trainees reported less somatisation, depression, anxiety, and phobic anxiety symptoms and lower harm avoidance as well as higher persistence than female trainees. A cluster analysis based on the personality scores was used to identify three clusters with personality profiles characterized as Vulnerable, Healthy, and Intermediate profiles. Sociodemographic variables and temperament and character domain scores contributed separately and differentially to the explanation of variance in mental health symptom scores. Selection tools should be developed to identify vulnerable individuals in terms of personality characteristics during selection and prior to training, to prevent later problems with stress reactions. Additional training modules focusing on coping skills could possibly reduce vulnerability to stress in some trainees.     

基于学校的儿童注意缺陷多动障碍综合干预

摘 要 对117名注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童进行为期8周的综合干预,探讨其长短期的干预效果。综合干预以儿童行为干预和父母训练为主、药物治疗为辅,半年后随访长期效果。发现综合干预组只在短期效果上显著好于药物组与对照组,但长期效果不显著。综合干预组家长对综合干预的依从性显著高于其他两组,并能保持较长时间。不同类型ADHD儿童的长、短期效果不同。     

Out of control: attentional selection for orientation is thwarted by properties of the underlying neural mechanisms

To avoid sensory overload, people are able to selectively attend to a particular color or direction of motion while ignoring irrelevant stimuli that differ from the desired one. We show here for the first time that it is also possible to selectively attend to a specific line orientation-but with an important caveat: orientations that are perpendicular to the target orientation cannot be suppressed. This effect reflects properties of the neural mechanisms selective for orientation and reveals the extent to which contingent capture is constrained not only by one's top-down goals but also by feature preferences of visual neurons.     

Advisory working alliance, perceived English proficiency, and acculturative stress

The aim of this study was to examine the moderators of (a) general or cross-cultural advisory working alliances and (b) perceived English proficiency on the association between acculturative stress and psychological distress. A total of 143 East Asian international students completed an online survey. Results from a hierarchical regression indicated significant three-way interactions of (a) General Advisory Working Alliances × Perceived English Proficiency × Acculturative Stress on Psychological Distress and (b) Cross-Cultural Advisory Working Alliances × Perceived English Proficiency × Acculturative Stress on Psychological Distress. Specifically, the present results indicated that acculturative stress was significantly associated with psychological distress only when students perceived lower English proficiency and had a stronger general or cross-cultural advisory working alliance. However, acculturative stress was not significantly related to psychological distress when these students perceived lower English proficiency and had a weaker advisory working alliance (i.e., general or cross-cultural). In addition, acculturative stress was also not significantly related to psychological distress when these students perceived higher English proficiency and had a stronger or weaker advisory working alliance (i.e., general or cross-cultural).     

Neural correlates of feigned memory impairment are distinguishable from answering randomly and answering incorrectly: an fMRI and behavioral study

Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have identified activation in the prefrontal-parietal-sub-cortical circuit during feigned memory impairment when comparing with truthful telling. Here, we used fMRI to determine whether neural activity can differentiate between answering correctly, answering randomly, answering incorrectly, and feigned memory impairment. In this study, 12 healthy subjects underwent block-design fMRI while they performed digit task of forced-choice format under four conditions: answering correctly, answering randomly, answering incorrectly, and simulated feigned memory impairment. There were three main results. First, six areas, including the left prefrontal cortex, the left superior temporal lobe, the right postcentral gyrus, the right superior parietal cortex, the right superior occipital cortex, and the right putamen, were significantly modulated by condition type. Second, for some areas, including the right superior parietal cortex, the right postcentral gyrus, the right superior occipital cortex, and the right putamen, brain activity was significantly greater in feigned memory impairment than answering randomly. Third, for the areas including the left prefrontal cortex and the right putamen, brain activity was significantly greater in feigned memory impairment than answering incorrectly. In contrast, for the left superior temporal lobe, brain activity was significantly greater in answering incorrectly than feigned memory impairment. The results suggest that neural correlates of feigned memory impairment are distinguishable from answering randomly and answering incorrectly in healthy subjects.