生物医学人体受试者研究未来面临的挑战

人体受试者研究的伦理问题在今后将会愈益引起关注,如何看待知情同意的代理权？如何处理不同文化背景下的知情同意原则？在商业利益诱惑下背离本人健康利益和知情同意是否有效？受试者的利益回报,以及体试验研究要求的双盲,随机、对照等原则可能面临的新问是,都是人体受试者研究未来面临的挑战。     

情感创伤青年的箱庭疗法个案研究

结合荣格分析心理学相关理论概念,使用箱庭疗法对一名遭受情感创伤的青年进行心理治疗,并对其箱庭作品中呈现的象征和原型心象进行分析。结果发现:箱庭作品展现了该青年的情感创伤和心理问题,反映了心理的成长历程。箱庭疗法在治愈情感创伤方面取得了较好的效果。     

问题发现过程认知阶段划分的探索性研究

采用建构认知模型法探索问题发现过程认知阶段的存在性及顺序性问题。基于已有研究,提出问题发现过程可划分为信息搜寻、现状表征、寻求目标、建立联系、提出问题、评价和修正问题等六个阶段的基本假设。用出声思维和秩次聚类分析的方法对高低能力组共40名大学生问题发现过程的阶段性进行考察,结果显示：六个阶段中有两对阶段出现位置非常接近,可将其进行整合,构成现状搜寻与表征、目标探索、提出问题、评价和修正问题等四个阶段。在不同问题领域与不同能力被试群体中,各认知阶段的顺序性没有差异。     

触屏手机与传统键盘手机的可用性之比较

以24名大学生为测试对象,结合基于视频的用户绩效测试方法和问卷调查法,比较了测试对象使用触屏手机和传统键盘手机完成测试任务时的绩效及主观满意度。绩效测试的结果显示：在完成测试任务的时间和按键效率方面,两款手机在不同测试任务上各有优势;在按键敏感性方面,传统键盘手机在各项测试任务上均优于触屏手机。主观满意度评价的结果显示：在速度、按键效率Y2．易学性方面,被试认为传统键盘手机基本上都优于触屏手机;在舒适度、愉悦度和灵活性方面,选择购买触屏手机的被试认为触屏手机优于传统键盘手机,而选择传统键盘手机的被试认为两者没有显著差异。     

宗教传播的谜米学解释

全世界有数以千计的宗教,但是只有为数不多的宗教占据了支配地位,统治着全世界数十亿人口。为什么一种宗教比另一种宗教更占据人数优势？是什么造成了一种宗教而不是另一种宗教的大规模传播？谜米学是近几十年来兴起的一门学科,利用它有可能研究并解释宗教这种超级谜米复合体的演化,从而为上述问题提供答案。     

国内外集体主义思想研究综述

集体主义是指与人类文明进步思想密切关联的一种文化理念,中华文化与西方文化中都存在它的发展轨迹,而且中华文化中的集体主义文化传统尤为深厚。近年来国内外学者对集体主义进行了深入的研究,尽管研究领域各有侧重,研究结果不尽相同,对集体主义也褒贬不一,但中西学者都从不同领域揭示了集体主义作为一种社会资本在全球化条件下有着不可低估的时代价值。     

佛教文化的社会价值与影响

佛教文化在推动文明进步和发展的历史长河中,创造出举世瞩目的文化成就,发挥着重要的社会功能。在现代社会走向成熟的过程中,物文化的严重弊端也开始显现。现代性危机归根到底是一场"人类自我认识的危机",是物文化无法超越自身局限性的必然结果。只有我们的文化精神超越物文化、达到新的层次,才有可能从根本上消除这场危机。文化精神的向内超越,必须借助于丰富深刻的智慧见地。在东方文化的土壤中,这种内向的心灵智慧发展得尤其充分,东方圣哲们的智慧结晶共同构成了"心文化"的主要内容。这场朝向内心的伟大进军势必开启人类社会的第三次伟大变革。     

Ethnic and mainstream social connectedness, perceived racial discrimination, and posttraumatic stress symptoms

Carter (2007) proposed the notion of race-based traumatic stress and argued that experiences of racial discrimination can be viewed as a type of trauma. In a sample of 383 Chinese international students at 2 predominantly White midwestern universities, the present results supported this notion and found that perceived racial discrimination predicted posttraumatic stress symptoms over and above perceived general stress. Furthermore, Berry (1997) proposed an acculturation framework and recommended that researchers advance the literature by examining the moderation effects on the association between racial discrimination and outcomes. The present results supported the moderation effect for Ethnic SC (i.e., social connectedness in the ethnic community), but not for Mainstream SC (i.e., social connectedness in mainstream society). A simple effects analysis indicated that a high Ethnic SC weakened the strength of the association between perceived racial discrimination and posttraumatic stress symptoms more than a low Ethnic SC. Moreover, although Mainstream SC failed to be a moderator, Mainstream SC was significantly associated with less perceived general stress, less perceived racial discrimination, and less posttraumatic stress symptoms.     

Attachment anxiety and attentional control predict immediate and delayed emotional Stroop interference

Attachment anxiety has been associated with a hyperactivating response to threat. A modified emotional Stroop task was used to investigate temporal characteristics of the threat response by assessing response latencies to interpersonally threatening words (immediate interference) and two directly subsequent neutral filler words (delayed interference). Greater immediate and delayed interference to threatening words was observed (n = 125), with higher levels of attachment anxiety associated with immediate interference to threatening cues, and lower levels with delayed interference. Thus, attachment anxiety was related to the speed at which moderate perceived threat disrupted ongoing processes under top-down attentional control. Furthermore, top-down attentional control moderated the extent to which immediate or delayed interference was observed. Among participants who demonstrated relatively stronger top-down attentional control, immediate and delayed interference to threatening cues was minimal, suggesting that results involving emotional Stroop interference were primarily attributable to participants with relatively weaker top-down attentional control. The implications of these findings are considered within the broader context of performance-based and neuroimaging research, with suggestions for future applied research.