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31.
患者知情同意权代理行使是医疗实践中普遍存在的问题。我国相关法律存在规定原则性过强、与患者自主决定权之间存在矛盾以及对侵犯患者利益的救济途径不明确等不足。应从确立患者利益最大化原则、将知情同意权代理行使的相关规定具体化以及适度运用紧急避险原则等几方面完善我国的患者知情同意权代理行使制度。 相似文献
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Xue Du Yigui Qin Shen Tu Huazhan Yin Ting Wang Caiyun Yu Jiang Qiu 《International journal of psychology》2013,48(2):149-157
This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying joke comprehension using event‐related potentials (ERPs). Fourteen healthy college students were presented with the context of a story without its joke or nonjoke ending, and then, when the story ending was presented, they were asked to make a funny/unfunny judgment about these endings. The behavioral results showed that there was no significant difference between funny and unfunny items, which meant that subjects could understand funny items as easily as unfunny ones. However, the ERP results showed that funny items initially elicited a more negative ERP deflection (N350–450) over frontocentral scalp regions. Dipole analysis localized the generators in the left temporal gyrus and the left medial frontal gyrus; it is suggested that these areas might be involved in detecting the incongruent element in joke comprehension. Between 600 and 800 ms, funny items subsequently elicited a more negative ERP deflection (N600–800) over frontocentral scalp regions and a more positive ERP deflection (P600–800) over posterior scalp regions. Dipole analysis localized the generator in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), an area involved in the breaking of mental set/expectation and the forming of novel associations. Finally, funny items elicited a more positive ERP deflection (P1250–1400) over anterior and posterior scalp regions. Dipole analysis localized the generators in the middle frontal gyrus and the fusiform gyrus, areas that might be related to the affective appreciation stage in joke process. Unlike that of Coulson and Kutas (2001), the present study might support the hypothesis of a three stage model of humor processing (humor detection, resolution of incongruity and humor appreciation). 相似文献
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Jin Xue Hua Shu Hong Li Wenling Li Xiaomei Tian 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2013,42(5):433-450
The present study examined the developmental issue of cognitive factors that explain Chinese literacy. Phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming, short-term memory, orthographic awareness and morphological awareness and two literacy tasks (character naming and reading fluency) were administered to 408 second-graders, 428 fourth-graders and 496 six-graders. Results from linear regression analysis and path analysis model showed that the five reading-related cognitive constructs explained unique variances in character naming. Second, character naming is primary for reading fluency after controlling other cognitive constructs; third, the relation between the cognitive factors and literacy changes significantly as a function of reading skills. Results give a clear direction to understanding Chinese reading development. 相似文献
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选择反应作业中的反应组织 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过2-选择反应作业的两个反应复杂度不对称(不等)实验因素考察反应组织,发现在同一作业中无反应复杂度效应,而作业之间反应复杂度效应显著。这提示选择反应是选择已完成组织的反应,而不是实时地进行反应动作组织,进而引入动作模块的概念。即把反应组织视为选择动作模块过程。其实际意义是,在操作界面的优化设计中,要提高一组同时可选择操作R中的某一种操作Ri(R∈Ri|i=1,2,…,n)的绩效,其有效途径是应降低这一组操作R的平均复杂度;如果只降低Ri的复杂度,要提高其绩效收效甚微。 相似文献
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中学生人际冲突解决策略取向及影响因素研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本研究针对中学生常见的人际冲突问题 ,分别设计了与教师、家长、同学冲突的 9种情境 ,考察 1 80名初一至高三的学生在不同情境中解决冲突的策略取向、防御机制发展以及影响策略取向的因素。实验表明 :( 1 )总体上中学生更倾向于选择协商策略解决人际冲突 ,退让或服从策略以及对峙性策略运用的多寡与具体情境因素或冲突对象有关。对峙性策略多出现在与教师和家长的冲突情境 ,而退让策略较多出现在与同学的冲突中。 ( 2 )随着年龄的增长和社会化的发展 ,学生逐渐采用成熟性防御机制替代不成熟性防御机制以促使问题得到更好解决。初、高中学生在运用成熟性防御机制方面差异显著。 ( 3 )文化背景及个性特点与策略取向有关。 相似文献
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A test of 300 young students on individual modernity in China was carried out. The results indicated that there was a significant difference in individual modernity between the students from town and those from the countryside, as well as between males and females. There were also differences in individual modernity between each two of the levels of education. The students from town were more modern than those from the countryside. The males were more traditional than the females. With the rising educational level, the students' traditionality will decrease and modernity will increase. 相似文献
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