拥挤、抢食对自发性高血压大鼠发病的影响及作用机制的探讨

社会、心理压力与疾病的发生、发展及转归有着密切的联系。而社会、心理压力为什么会导致一些心身疾病的发生?为什么可使一些疾病加重?尚无满意答案。本文选用自发性高血压大鼠(SHR),在实验室应激的条件下,对比观察了动物的血压,并对其作用机制进行了初步探讨。发现:心理紧张状态可以导致有高血压遗传素质的SHR提前发病,而且可使病情不断加重;应激后SHR血浆神经递质(NE.E)和神经肽类物质(VIP)均明显增高。表明原发性高血压病的发生、发展与社会心理因素关系密切。     

媒体形象内化对大学生限制性饮食行为的影响：一个有调节的中介模型

基于三重影响模型和客体化模型,探讨媒体形象内化与大学生限制性饮食行为的关系及其作用机制,采用外表的社会文化态度问卷、自我客体化问卷、荷兰人饮食行为问卷、自我同情量表四个量表对600名在校大学生进行调查。结果显示：（1）媒体形象内化显著正向预测大学生限制性饮食行为;（2）自我客体化在媒体形象内化与大学生限制性饮食行为的关系中起中介作用;（3）自我同情调节媒体形象内化与自我客体化之间的关系,随着自我同情的增加,自我客体化的中介作用减小。     

中学生成就目标相关因素的发展研究

探索了影响中学生成就目标各因素间的相互关系及其对学业成绩的影响,并就此提出一个中学生学业活动的简洁模式。(1)中学生的认知参与和能力知觉、成就目标之间极显著正相关,学业焦虑和认知参与、能力知觉、成就目标之间显著负相关;两成就目标间的相关不显著;(2)能力知觉、认知参与、学业焦虑是学业成绩的有效预测因子。     

Hiding effort to gain a competitive advantage: Evidence from China

Previous studies with Western populations have shown that adolescents' tendency to downplay their academic effort is affected by two kinds of motives: ability‐related motives (e.g., to appear competent) and social approval motives (e.g., to be popular). In this research, we test for the presence of additional competition‐related motives in China, a culture placing strong emphasis on academic competition. Study 1 (N = 150) showed that, in response to a scenario in which a hard‐working high‐school junior hid effort from classmates, the most highly endorsed explanation was “to influence others to work less hard to maintain a competitive advantage.” Study 2 (N = 174) revealed that competition‐related explanations were endorsed relatively more often when the speaker and audience had similar academic rankings. This tendency was most evident when both speaker and audience were top performers, and when this was the case, participants' desire to demonstrate superiority over others was a positive predictor of endorsement of competition‐related motives. Study 3 (N = 137) verified that competition‐related motives were more strongly endorsed among Chinese participants than U.S. participants. These results suggest that at least in cultures that emphasize academic competition and in contexts where competition is salient, hiding effort is often about attempting to gain strategic advantage.     

创伤性分离症状及其认知研究

创伤性分离是具有心理创伤经历的人常表现出来的典型症状,它包括记忆缺失、幻听、人格解体等,它主要表现在分离性障碍中,在其他精神疾病中也常见,如创伤后应激障碍、精神分裂症等。该文阐释了创伤性心理、创伤性分离的基本概念,介绍了创伤性分离症状的几种理论：人格结构性分离理论,背叛创伤性理论,回避加工假设与警戒-回避假说等。其中人格结构性分离理论主要是以临床治疗为取向,采用EMDR技术,侧重于研究创伤性分离对人格结构产生的影响;而背叛创伤性理论,回避编码假说以及警戒-回避假说是通过认知心理学的研究范式,探讨创伤性分离的症状与记忆。通过对几种理论的比较分析。发现后三种认知理论对创伤性分离症状的解释主要侧重于三个方面,一“是否存在回避警戒”,二“是否存在回避加工”,三“是否存在回避记忆”,而关于这几方面问题发生的条件,还有待于进一步的研究验证     

Azure-winged Magpies would rather avoid losses than strive for benefits based on reciprocal altruism

Animal Cognition - It is no doubt that the reciprocal altruism of humans is unparalleled in the animal world. However, how strong altruistic behavior in the non-human animal is still very...     

心理契约破坏对组织公民行为的影响：同事支持感的调节作用

采用问卷调查法,研究了同事支持感（perceived coworker support）在心理契约破坏和组织公民关系间的调节作用。研究结果表明：同事支持感会削弱心理契约破坏和组织公民行为的关系的强度,即当个体感知到较高程度的同事支持,虽然个体感受到心理契约被破坏,也会维持较高程度的组织公民行为。     

学习困难儿童和非学习困难儿童元记忆特点的对比研究

本研究通过向62名学习困难儿童和56名非学习困难儿童呈现数字和图形两种记忆材料,就主试控制和被试控制条件下两类儿童的元记忆水平进行了对比研究,旨在找出学习困难儿童的元记忆特点,并在此基础上,进一步揭示两类儿童的元记忆水平与其记忆成绩之间的关系.研究结果发现学习困难儿童的元记忆水平明显低于非学习困难儿童,而且两类儿童的元记忆水平与其回忆量均有较高的相关.     

Language history questionnaire: A Web-based interface for bilingual research

A Web-based interface has been developed to facilitate researchers in collecting language history information online. Most researchers use their own versions of language history questionnaires for specific studies in second language acquisition. Although these versions of questionnaires all differ from one another in some respects, there is a significant amount of overlap between them. Here we identify the crucial dimensions that most investigators consider important to include in such a questionnaire. We have examined the most commonly asked questions in 41 published questionnaires, and on the basis of our analyses we propose a general L2 language history questionnaire. Subjects can enter some or all of the information on the Web, and the results are automatically generated as an RTF output file on the user’s desktop.     

品牌熟悉对广告过程中品牌态度改变的影响

文章通过分析广告前后被试者品牌态度的变化,研究了在不同的广告态度和信息相关度条件下被试者品牌熟悉程度对品牌态度变化的影响。结果显示品牌熟悉程度对品牌态度变化的调节作用并非单向的,而是与广告态度和信息相关度交互产生作用的。当被试者不熟悉品牌且有正面的广告态度时或当被试者不熟悉品牌且信息相关度较低时广告才能产生说服效果,进而使被试者的品牌态度发生改变。