Mood spillover and crossover among dual-earner couples: a cell phone event sampling study

In this study, the authors examined affective experiences of dual-earner couples. More specifically, the authors explored how momentary moods can spill over between work and family and cross over from one spouse to another. Fifty couples used their cell phones to provide reports of their momentary moods over 8 consecutive days. Results show significant spillover and crossover effects for both positive and negative moods. Work orientation moderated negative mood spillover from work to home, and the presence of children in the family decreased negative mood crossover between spouses. Crossover was observed when spouses were physically together and when the time interval between the spouses' reports was short. With this study, the authors contribute to the work and family research by examining the nature of mood transfers among dual-earner couples, including the direction, valence, and moderators of these transfers across work and family domains. The authors also contribute to the event sampling methodology by introducing a new method of using cell phones to collect momentary data.     

大学生英语学习策略使用特点及发展趋势研究

采用自编问卷对493名不同背景大学生英语学习策略的调查发现,大学生内隐学习策略显著低于外显策略,表明我国大学生英语学习以外显为主;外显策略中,社会/情感策略水平最高,而元认知策略水平最低;英语学习策略的使用在性别、英语学习难易程度的主观判断以及学业成就水平等因素上呈现出明显的差异性特点,女生的策略使用率总体高于男生,英语学习成就越高以及英语学习认知越积极的学生学习策略使用率越高;大学生英语学习策略的发展呈V型趋势,在大三低至谷底,男生的策略波动幅度显著大于女生。     

中国传统"革命"思想的两个维度及毛泽东的"革命"逻辑

传统中国蕴含着两种“革命”思想的维度:一是圣人救世的“汤武革命”,一是基于压迫而进行反抗的农民起义。这两个维度对于既系统地接受过中国传统的规范性文化教育,同时又深受非规范性文化熏染的毛泽东来说都产生了极大的影响,并形成了他“圣人救世”与“压迫-反抗”的两种“革命”逻辑。这两种具有不同文化气质的“革命”逻辑在毛泽东思想中得以结合的根本基础是他尚变求动的宇宙观和人生观。     

罗马的犹太政策

犹太人只要交纳必需的赋税,只要不威胁国家安全,罗马政府就允许他们按照其祖先的律法生活。犹太人虽然不拥有完全的自治权,但有权裁决内部纠纷,其宗教自由也能够得到罗马政权的保障和宽容。自恺撒为这种政策奠定恰当的法律形式以来,它在基督教获得全面胜利以前具有很强的稳定性。由于有关犹太人的文献在罗马世界的地方文献中保存得最好,考察罗马的犹太政策为我们了解罗马的宗教政策和民族政策提供了独特的视角。     

性别刻板印象维护的心理机制

性别刻板印象对人们有着重要影响.反性别刻板的行为违背了人们对性别角色的期望和要求,人们为了维护自己的性别刻板印象会采用不同的策略来对反性别刻板的行为作出反应.文章介绍了认知过程中对反性别刻板信息的抗拒和行为反应中对反性别刻板行为的抵制功能模型,分析了人们维护性别刻板印象的心理机制,并对有关性别刻板印象维护的研究进行了评价和展望.     

成败情境下不同目标取向学生内在动机特点

以213名小学生为被试,设置成功和失败情境,考察三种成就目标取向学生内在动机的差异。结果发现:两种情境下,掌握目标的学生均有最高的内在动机;失败情境下,成绩接近目标学生的内在动机显著高于成绩回避目标的学生,但成功情境下,两种目标取向学生的内在动机没有显著差异;掌握目标学生在两种情境下的内在动机无显著差异;成绩接近和成绩回避目标学生在失败情境下的内在动机显著低于成功情境下的内在动机。     

去甲肾上腺素对习得性长时程突触增强的影响

在大鼠条件性饮水反应的建立和巩固过程中,在每天训练之前,通过预先与记录电极一起埋植在海马齿状回的注药管,微量注射去甲肾上腺素(NE),观察其对海马齿状回的习得性长时程突触增强的影响。结果表明:NE能增强突触效应;训练作业前注NE易化了习得性长时程突触增强的形成,但对其巩固无影响;同时相应地易化了动物条件反应的建立。提示NE参与海马齿状回的习得性长时程增强的形成。本文对其可能的作用机制进行了讨论。     

第三次分配是构建和谐社会的重要途径

第三次分配是克服第一次分配的弊端,以及弥补第二次分配不足的重要社会分配方式。发展慈善事业,减少贫困与缩小贫富差距,是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要途径。通过加强社会调节,促使更多的个人和群体参与第三次分配。探索符合中国国情的慈善事业发展模式,需要积极培育与发展慈善组织,建立现代财富伦理,推进慈善文化的发育与普及,增强企业家慈善捐款的热情,提高慈善基金会的社会公信度,鼓励志愿者的慈善义工,大力推进慈善理论研究与创新。     

Can 9.5-month-old infants attribute to an agent a disposition to perform a particular action on objects?

The present research examined whether 9.5-month-old infants can attribute to an agent a disposition to perform a particular action on objects, and can then use this disposition to predict which of two new objects - one that can be used to perform the action and one that cannot - the agent is likely to reach for next. The infants first received familiarization trials in which they watched an agent slide either three (Experiments 1 and 3) or six (Experiment 2) different objects forward and backward on an apparatus floor. During test, the infants saw two new identical objects placed side by side: one stood inside a short frame that left little room for sliding, and the other stood inside a longer frame that left ample room for sliding. The infants who saw the agent slide six different objects attributed to her a disposition to slide objects: they expected her to select the "slidable" as opposed to the "unslidable" test object, and they looked reliably longer when she did not. In contrast, the infants who saw the agent slide only three different objects looked about equally when she selected either test object. These results add to recent evidence that infants in the first year of life can attribute dispositions to agents, and can use these dispositions to help predict agents' actions in new contexts.     

Approach‐Avoidance Motivation and the Use of Affect as Information

Individuals often rely on their affect for information. However, positive or negative affect may not be informative for individuals who are more prone to feel affect of this particular valence in general, unless they chronically monitor their internal states. A series of studies demonstrates that differences in individuals’ internal versus external focus of attention and in trait affective valence associated with their approach versus avoidance motivation determine reliance on affect as information. Specifically, our findings show that while positive affect is used as an input in product satisfaction judgments regardless of individuals’ approach versus avoidance motivation, negative affect is used only by individuals with a predominant approach motivation.