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231.
对海马突触传递长时程增强效应的研究已取得许多重要进展,其中发现很多蛋白激酶的参与,近年来由于转基因和基因打靶等分子生物学实验手术的应用,PKC,CaMKⅡ和PKA等多种蛋白激酶的同功酶或其不同亚单位在LTP中的作用已在相应的变异小鼠上得到直接证实,文章概述了这些目前被认为参与了海马突触传递长时程增强过程的蛋白激酶及其作用。 相似文献
232.
233.
运动视觉中计时行为的控制操作理论 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运动视觉中的计时行为分为两类 :拦截行为和制动行为。“环境—活动者系统”(EAS)中的信息决定着计量行为的控制操作。本文阐明了信息和EAS的特性 ,通过对 tau-margin在拦截行为中的作用以及视觉变量τ对于制动操作重要性的分析 ,论述了运动视觉中计时行为的控制操作理论。 相似文献
234.
Albrecht W. Inhoff Mathew Starr Weimin Liu Jian Wang 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》1998,5(1):101-106
The eye-movement-contingent display change technique has been used in a large number of studies to control the visibility of text when eye movements are monitored. Recently, the validity of the method has been questioned. O’Regan (1990) argued that technical imperfections in the implementation of the display change, rather than manipulation of visible text, account for some of the reported effects. This view was tested in the present study by manipulating characteristics of the display change and the linguistic task. Consistent with prior results, reading was hampered when eye-movement-contingent display changes were used to mask segments of text prior to their fixation. However, these costs were unrelated to the quality of the implemented display change and appear to have derived solely from the masking of useful text. 相似文献
235.
本研究以现代教育心理学体系为框架,采用资料整理法,对梁启超的学习心理学思想进行了分析归纳。从中可以看出,梁启超重视学习兴趣,并把无所为、不息、深入研究、找朋友作为保持兴趣的方法;认为做学问的人应具备明敏、密察、别裁、通方等能力和忠实、深切、敬慎、不倦的习惯;并总结出了立志、善观、持敬、明义理、养成读书兴趣等学习方法。 相似文献
236.
Do incompatible arguments cause extensive processing in the evaluation of arguments? The role of congruence between argument compatibility and argument quality
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Cheng‐Hong Liu Hung‐Wei Lee Po‐Sheng Huang Hsueh‐Chih Chen Scott Sommers 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2016,107(1):179-198
Previous studies have demonstrated that arguments incompatible with prior beliefs are subjected to more extensive refutational processing, scrutinized longer, and judged to be weaker than arguments compatible with prior beliefs. However, this study suggests whether extensive processing is implemented when evaluating arguments is not decided by argument compatibility, but by congruence between two evaluating tendencies elicited by both argument compatibility and argument quality. Consistent with this perspective, the results of two experiments show that relative to congruent arguments, participants judged arguments eliciting incongruent evaluating tendencies as less extreme in strength, spent more time, and felt more hesitant generating strength judgments for them. The results also show that it is mainly incongruent arguments, not congruent arguments, whose strength ratings were more closely associated with the perceived personal importance of the issue, which intensified the tendency to evaluate arguments depending on argument compatibility. These results suggest that it is the incongruity between argument compatibility and argument quality, and not simply the argument compatibility, that plays a more important role in activating an extensive processing in the evaluation of arguments. 相似文献
237.
In search of the ‘Aha!’ experience: Elucidating the emotionality of insight problem‐solving
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Wangbing Shen Yuan Yuan Chang Liu Jing Luo 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2016,107(2):281-298
Although the experience of insight has long been noted, the essence of the ‘Aha!’ experience, reflecting a sudden change in the brain that accompanies an insight solution, remains largely unknown. This work aimed to uncover the mystery of the ‘Aha!’ experience through three studies. In Study 1, participants were required to solve a set of verbal insight problems and then subjectively report their affective experience when solving the problem. The participants were found to have experienced many types of emotions, with happiness the most frequently reported one. Multidimensional scaling was employed in Study 2 to simplify the dimensions of these reported emotions. The results showed that these different types of emotions could be clearly placed in two‐dimensional space and that components constituting the ‘Aha!’ experience mainly reflected positive emotion and approached cognition. To validate previous findings, in Study 3, participants were asked to select the most appropriate emotional item describing their feelings at the time the problem was solved. The results of this study replicated the multidimensional construct consisting of approached cognition and positive affect. These three studies provide the first direct evidence of the essence of the ‘Aha!’ experience. The potential significance of the findings was discussed. 相似文献
238.
Pei Wang Chen‐Hao Tan Xiang‐Xia Zhao Yong‐He Liu Chong‐De Lin 《International journal of psychology》2016,51(2):156-162
In this study, a priming Stroop paradigm was used to determine whether stereotype activation is unintentional. Priming conditions (priming/no‐priming) and the relationship between priming and target (consistent/inconsistent/no‐relation) were the independent variables; accuracy, reaction time and N400 amplitude were used as dependent variables. The reaction time revealed that stereotype activation is, to some extent, unintentional. Furthermore, the event‐related potenial (ERP) results showed that N400 amplitude was larger for inconsistent conditions than for consistent conditions. This result supported the notion that stereotype activation is an unintentional and automatic process. 相似文献
239.
Maternal depression may affect children through various mechanisms, including the stressful contexts of the children’s lives and maternal maladaptive affection, behaviors, and cognition, which affect the psychopathological development of children and contribute to disorders. The aims of the present study were to explore how family functioning mediates the relationship between maternal depression and the positive and negative emotions of adolescents. A total of 430 paired questionnaires were collected from junior high school students and their mothers. The mothers completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD), and the adolescents completed the CESD, Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire, and Family Function Scale. The results revealed significant correlations among maternal depression, family functioning, and positive and negative emotions in the adolescents. The family functioning subscales of conflict and emotional expression partially mediated the relationship between maternal depression and the positive and negative emotions of the adolescents. Furthermore, the family functioning subscales of cohesion, problem solving, and responsibility fully mediated the relationship between maternal depression and positive moods in the adolescents. Analysis of the results for maternal depression, family functioning, and the emotional adjustment of the adolescents indicated that family functioning is the mediator between maternal depression and the positive and negative emotions of the adolescents. The current results suggest that adequate family functioning can prevent depression being transmitted from mothers to their adolescent children. 相似文献
240.
Leslie A. Rescorla Thomas M. Achenbach Masha Y. Ivanova Lori V. Turner Hervör Árnadóttir Alma Au J. C. Caldas Yi-Chuen Chen Jeroen Decoster Johnny Fontaine Yasuko Funabiki Halldór S. Guðmundsson Patrick Leung Jianghong Liu Jelena Srdanović Maraš Jasminka Marković Kyung Ja Oh Marina M. da Rocha Virginia C. Samaniego Edwiges Silvares Roma Simulioniene Elvisa Sokoli Natalia Vazquez Ewa Zasepa 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2016,38(3):381-397
To advance international mental health assessment, instruments that have been internationally validated are needed. To this end, we analyzed ratings from 14 societies on the Adult Behavior Checklist (ABCL), a collateral-report form parallel to the Adult Self-Report (ASR; Achenbach and Rescorla 2003) for ages 18 to 59. Both the ABCL and the ASR assess problems, personal strengths, and adaptive functioning. For a sample of 8322 see note below collaterals, we found strong consistency across societies regarding which ABCL problem items tended to obtain relatively low, medium, or high ratings. Most societal effect sizes (ESs) for problem scale scores were small to medium (< 13.9 %), but the ES for the ABCL Personal Strengths scale was 25 %. For most of the same participants (N = 8,302), we analyzed cross-informant agreement between self-reports on the ASR and collateral reports on the ABCL. Cross-informant correlations for problem scale scores averaged .47, with considerable societal variation. Problem score means were higher on the ASR than the ABCL in every society, but the size of the difference varied across societies. Mean item ratings on the ABCL and ASR were highly correlated within every society (mean r = .92), but within-dyad item rating agreement varied widely in every society (mean r = .39). In all societies, non-corroboration of self-reported deviance and of collateral-reported deviance was common. Overall findings indicated considerable similarity but also some important differences in collateral-reported problems and adaptive functioning across 14 societies. 相似文献