医护人员工作倦怠与A型人格、控制点的关系研究

通过对320名医护人员的调查,探讨工作倦怠与A型人格,控制点之间的关系。结果表明：(1)情绪疲惫、去人性化与A型人格、控制点存在显著正相关,个人成就感与控制点存在显著负相关。(2)A型人格、控制点对情绪疲惫,去人性化具有正向预测作用,控制点对个人成就感具有负向预测作用。(3)与B型人格相比．A型人格者的去人性化程度更高;与内控者相比,外控者工作倦怠程度更高。     

Understanding the object benefit in visual short-term memory: the roles of feature proximity and connectedness

Past research has identified visual objects as the units of information processing in visual short-term memory (VSTM) and has shown that two features from the same object can be remembered in VSTM as well (or almost as well) as one feature of that object and are much better remembered than the same two features from two spatially separated objects. It is not clear, however, what drives this object benefit in VSTM. Is it the shared spatial location (proximity), the connectedness among features of an object, or both? In six change detection experiments, both location/proximity and connectedness were found to be crucial in determining the magnitude of the object benefit in VSTM. Together, these results indicate that location/proximity and connectedness are essential elements in defining a coherent visual object representation in VSTM.     

从传统性到现代性的转变上看京港大学生的人格差异

本研究通过对京港两地大学生的传统人格特征和现代人格特征所进行的调查和研究发现 ,当代大学生的人格特征正在由传统性向现代性转变。北京大学生 ,尤其是女生的现代人格表现更为突出 ,她们更乐于接受新观念 ;而香港大学生在转变中则相对表现得较为保守 ,尤其是香港的女生 ,仍然较为传统。     

小学儿童规则发现的类比迁移研究

本研究以小学儿童为被试,证实了在策略提示条件下解决规则发现(合取规则和析取规则)的类比问题时,任务难度和表面相似性是影响策略的迁移的重要因素,并且发现小学儿童的思维能力存在着较大的个体差异.他们在问题解决时主要使用单维检验策略,多数小学儿童缺乏较强的元认知监控.     

Perception of dynamic acoustic patterns by an individual with unilateral verbal auditory agnosia

Previous studies have found that subjects diagnosed with verbal auditory agnosia (VAA) from bilateral brain lesions may experience difficulties at the prephonemic level of acoustic processing. In this case study, we administered a series of speech and nonspeech discrimination tests to an individual with unilateral VAA as a result of left-temporal-lobe damage. The results indicated that the subject's ability to perceive steady-state acoustic stimuli was relatively intact but his ability to perceive dynamic stimuli was drastically reduced. We conclude that this particular aspect of acoustic processing may be a major contributing factor that disables speech perception in subjects with unilateral VAA.     

Do 9-month-old infants expect distinct words to refer to kinds?

In 3 experiments, 9-month-old infants' expectations for what distinct count noun labels refer to were investigated. In Experiment 1, a box was opened to reveal 2 objects inside during familiarization: either 2 identical objects or 2 different objects. Test trials followed the same procedure, except before the box was opened, the contents were described using 2 distinct labels ("I see a wug! I see a dak!") or the same label twice ("I see a zav! I see a zav!"). Infants who heard a label repeated twice looked longer at 2 different objects versus 2 identical objects, whereas infants who heard 2 distinct labels showed a different pattern of looking. Experiments 2 and 3 presented infants with object pairs that only differed in shape or color, and it was found that infants expected the different-shaped (but not the different-colored) objects to be labeled by distinct count nouns. Because the property of shape is a cue to kind membership and the property of color is not, these results suggest that even at the beginning of word learning, infants may expect distinct labels to refer to distinct kinds of objects.     

Modeling the effects of verbal and nonverbal pair strength on associative recognition

Operations that improve the accuracy of associative recognition can do so in qualitatively different ways. Increasing repetitions and study time increases hit rates but has small effects on false alarm rates, and the specific patterns of false alarms are dependent on the stimuli (e.g., pairs of words, pseudowords, faces, or Chinese characters). In contrast, manipulating the type of stimuli that make up pairs produces a robust mirror effect: The hit rate is greater, and the false alarm rate is lower, for better recognized stimuli. To explain these findings, a model of single-item recognition is extended to associative recognition. Within this dual-process framework, the present results suggest that words are encoded more extensively than nonverbal stimuli and that recognition of frequently encountered stimuli (words and faces) is more likely to be based on recollection than is recognition of uncommon stimuli (pseudowords and Chinese characters).     

爱德华·孔兹《心经》英译本与玄奘《心经》译本的对比

在卷帙浩繁的汉语佛教典籍中,《心经》被称为佛经之心,是最为著名的传世佛典之一。在诸多汉译本中,玄奘所译《心经》流通最广。随着佛教的海外传播,《心经》被译成多种语言,其中影响最大者,当推爱德华·孔兹版的英译《心经》。关于译者的地位和作用,余光中曾经写道:译者与伟大的心灵为伍,见贤思齐,当其意会笔到,每能超凡入圣,成为神之巫师,天才之代言人。此乃寂寞之译者独享之特权。[1]因为卓越的译者能将佛经翻译为各种语言,起源于印度半岛的佛教,才能在全世界拥有今天的影响力。     

低色温低强度背景光照射下液晶显示颜色编码的实验研究

采用一台有源矩阵彩色液晶显示器作为主要实验装置,对低色温、低强度背景光照射下液晶显示颜色编码范围及其与色标大小的关系进行了研究。实验结果表明:(1)液晶显示器上色标大小对绝对辨认效果有显著影响,随着色标的增大,辨认错误率随之下降,但下降率则随色标的增大而递减。(2)在色温为3100K的低强度背景光照射下,液晶显示的颜色编码范围因色标大小不同而存在显著差异,当色标面积减小到1×1mm2至2×2mm2时,编码色数目仅限于3-4种。