图书馆普通员工胜任力模型及其有效性

通过专家访谈和关键行为事件访谈(BEI),编制了"图书馆员自我评价问卷",然后随机选取3373名图书馆普通员工进行问卷调查,通过探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,本研究构建了图书馆普通员工3个一级维度、9个二级维度31个项目的胜任力模型,并通过相关分析和多元回归分析,证实胜任力模型的指标与工作满意度成显著正相关,胜任力模型的指标与离职意向成显著负相关,但胜任力模型的指标与组织承诺水平之间无显著相关。     

心理健康素质测评系统·中国成年人人际健康素质量表的编制

在文献分析和专家评定的基础之上,构建了人际健康素质的基本结构,并编制了初始的中国成年人人际健康素质问卷.然后通过项目区分度分析和验证性因素分析对初始问卷进行了修订,最终形成了包括合群性、亲仁性、利他性、共情性和友善性5个维度的正式量表.结果表明,人际健康素质量表具有较高的内部一致性信度、重测信度和分半信度以及较好的内容效度、结构效度、校标关联效度和会聚效度.结论:人际健康素质量表具有较好的心理测量学特征,可以作为中国成年人人际健康素质的心理测量工具.     

老子“上德若谷”的宽容思想

基于“容”与“谷”在字形上的相通,老子宽容的运思也多昭示在对“谷”的规定里,其特征就是“上德若谷”.它与道相通,处在盈满的状态,是实现长久的一个环节,由于处下而吸纳细流,又成为江海的一个条件;之所以要宽容则在于宇宙的相对性,一切都在关系之中,没有永恒的不变,这就要求人们宽容行为来应对不同的处境,从而达到最大的合力,形成和谐的联动秩序.这些对我们今天面临的人际关系疏离危机的消解,无疑将具有积极的意义.     

First-principles investigation of bowing parameter in zinc-blende ScxGa1−xN

Helium generated in materials by the nuclear reaction (n,?α) is generally considered to be harmful. It is well-known that helium prompts not only the nucleation of interstitial-type dislocation loops, but also the nucleation of voids in metals and alloys irradiated with high-energy particles, which degrades their mechanical properties. In this study, however, we find that helium trapped by dislocations in Ni increases both the ultimate tensile strength and total elongation.     

Investigation of the interaction of He and D in FeBSi alloy

He and H can be produced by nuclear reaction. In addition, energetic particles of He and T and D, which are isotopes of H, in the plasma of fusion reactor induce the damage in the surface of materials, such as erosion, sputtering and blistering. To investigate the interaction of He and D, amorphous and crystalline FeBSi alloys were irradiated by He or D₂ or He?+?D₂ ions with 5?keV. The results of thermal desorption indicated that more He atoms were trapped in both the amorphous and crystalline alloy irradiated by He ions than D atoms in those alloys irradiated by D₂ ions. Although He and D atoms were trapped in FeBSi alloy irradiated by He?+?D₂ ions, desorption peaks of D₂ and He were separated. Absorption of D in an amorphous alloy was influenced by the presence of He; however, absorption of He was independent of D₂ irradiation in both alloys.     

Sleep facilitates consolidation of positive emotional memory in healthy older adults

ABSTRACT

Evidence has demonstrated that sleep-related memory consolidation declines in ageing. However, little is known about age-related changes to sleep-related emotional memory consolidation, especially when considering the positivity effect observed in older adults. In the present study, we sought to explore whether there is a positive emotional bias in sleep-related memory consolidation among healthy older adults. Young and older adults were randomly assigned either into a sleep or wake condition. All participants encoded positive, negative, and neutral stimuli and underwent recognition tests immediately (test 1), after a 12-hour sleep/wake interval (test 2), and 3 days after test 2 (test 3). Results showed that age-related differences of sleep beneficial effect were modulated by emotion valence. In particular, sleep selectively enhanced positive memory in older adults, while in young adults sleep beneficial effect was manifested in neutral memory. Moreover, the sleep beneficial effect can be maintained at least 3 days in both young and older adults. These findings suggest that older adults had preserved but positive bias of sleep-related memory consolidation, which could be one of the underlying mechanisms for their generally better emotional well-being in daily life. These findings highlight the dynamic interplay among sleep and emotional memory in older adults.     

风险社会中公众政治信任的形成机制及影响

风险社会中如何提升公众的政治信任成为焦点。以政治信任形成的终生学习理论为基础,将理性选择理论和社会文化理论相整合,探讨影响政治信任形成的因素,以及政治信任对政治合作的影响。对291名被试进行问卷调查,层次回归结果发现：政治信任在政治透明度感知、宽容度感知和政治合作之间发挥正向中介作用;在负面认知固化程度和政治合作之间发挥负向中介作用;政治氛围感知在政治信任和政治合作行为之间起调节作用。最后,对该结果形成的原因与在现实生活中的应用进行讨论,并对未来研究的发展方向进行展望。     

北京学生对日刻板印象及3·11地震后的情绪和援助意向研究

研究采用问卷法探讨了北京市大中小学生对日本人的刻板印象差异、日本3·11地震后情绪与援助意向的不同,以及刻板印象和情绪反应对于其援助意向的影响,结果发现:(1)北京市大中小学生对日本人的总体刻板印象偏消极,但高中生和大学生在能力维度表示了一定程度的肯定;(2)日本3·11地震后,大中小学生整体的情绪反应程度不强;但高中生和大学生较之小学生和初中生表现出更多的悲伤、同情等亲社会情绪,而更少幸灾乐祸情绪;(3)大中小学生在是否对日本进行援助的问题上显得比较保守;(4)对日本人的刻板印象与地震后的情绪反应和援助意向之间存在显著相关;(5)各群体中,亲社会情绪在对日本人的刻板印象和地震后的援助意向之间起部分中介作用;但对地震本身的事件应对情绪并不存在这种中介效应.结论:北京市大中小学生对日本人的刻板印象较为消极,其对3·11地震后援助倾向有显著影响,且这种作用部分是通过亲社会情绪产生的.     

高青陈庄西周城址性质探讨

高青陈庄西周城址是齐文化考古和西周考古的重大发现,其具有高规格的祭祀遗迹,可能为诸侯之社,其葬有齐之宗室、执掌军权之卿,应为齐国近畿军事重镇。综合陈庄西周城址具有浓厚的政治和军事色彩,可能是西周时期齐国的别都或辅都。     

生态文明的历史定位 ——论生态文明是人类真文明

目前,学界普遍将生态文明视为继渔猎文明、农业文明和工业文明之后的一种新的文明形态,实际上这种观点未能全面把握生态文明的本质及其在整个人类文明历程中的历史定位。对文明的理论和现实分析表明,文明本身蕴含着生态本性,潜在地是生态文明,而生态文明则是文明之本质的真实显现,是文明本身所追求终极目的的彻底达成。因此,在整个人类文明的历程中生态文明并不仅仅是一种新文明,还是一种真文明;渔猎文明、农业文明和工业文明由于不完全合乎文明的本质规定性,因而并不是一种真文明,而是一种前文明。