萨满仪式中法器的运用及文化象征意义

萨满教信仰是中国北方民族中原始先民的普遍信仰,萨满的仪式活动对部族成员的意识和行为产生强烈的影响力,通过被视为具有神力的法器来祈福禳灾是萨满仪式活动的重要特征,在对万物有灵的信仰和祈求中获得心灵慰藉的同时,法器也被赋予了丰富的文化象征意义。     

Dispositional optimism,self‐framing and medical decision‐making

Self‐framing is an important but underinvestigated area in risk communication and behavioural decision‐making, especially in medical settings. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship among dispositional optimism, self‐frame and decision‐making. Participants (N = 500) responded to the Life Orientation Test‐Revised and self‐framing test of medical decision‐making problem. The participants whose scores were higher than the middle value were regarded as highly optimistic individuals. The rest were regarded as low optimistic individuals. The results showed that compared to the high dispositional optimism group, participants from the low dispositional optimism group showed a greater tendency to use negative vocabulary to construct their self‐frame, and tended to choose the radiation therapy with high treatment survival rate, but low 5‐year survival rate. Based on the current findings, it can be concluded that self‐framing effect still exists in medical situation and individual differences in dispositional optimism can influence the processing of information in a framed decision task, as well as risky decision‐making.     

The Prediction of Students’ Academic Performance With Fluid Intelligence in Giving Special Consideration to the Contribution of Learning

The present study provides a new account of how fluid intelligence influences academic performance. In this account a complex learning component of fluid intelligence tests is proposed to play a major role in predicting academic performance. A sample of 2, 277 secondary school students completed two reasoning tests that were assumed to represent fluid intelligence and standardized math and verbal tests assessing academic performance. The fluid intelligence data were decomposed into a learning component that was associated with the position effect of intelligence items and a constant component that was independent of the position effect. Results showed that the learning component contributed significantly more to the prediction of math and verbal performance than the constant component. The link from the learning component to math performance was especially strong. These results indicated that fluid intelligence, which has so far been considered as homogeneous, could be decomposed in such a way that the resulting components showed different properties and contributed differently to the prediction of academic performance. Furthermore, the results were in line with the expectation that learning was a predictor of performance in school.     

本土化人格特征与知识分享行为的关系探讨——自我效能感和社会价值的中介作用

已有研究表明有效的知识分享有利于组织任务的完成,而人的因素是影响知识分享的核心和难点。该研究采用《中国人人格量表》第二版(简称CPAI-2),探讨中国背景下与文化相关的人格特质(人情、面子)如何影响个体知识分享行为(包括知识收集和知识贡献)。研究结果发现:(1)人情和面子可以显著预测知识分享行为,并通过自我效能和社会价值间接的影响知识分享行为;(2)上述中介作用在知识收集和知识贡献两个维度上表现为不一致的特点。研究结果说明,在中国文化的背景下促进知识分享行为,需要考虑人情、面子等传统人格特质;同时,促进组织成员的知识收集行为与知识贡献行为应该使用不同的策略。     

Self-Control,Intimate Partner Abuse,and Intimate Partner Victimization: Testing the General Theory of Crime in Thailand

Cities invariably have “gray” areas where formal policing and regulatory reach is relatively ineffective. By focusing on individuals or groups traditional theories of deviance fail to account for community-level processes that create local alternative norms that contribute to behavior seen as deviant by outsiders. By combining theories of space with issues of identity construction and deviance, we analyze an inner-city neighborhood in Mexico City in terms of four factors: Structural Location, Material Form, Meaningfulness, and Organizational Integration. This creates a model for understanding forms of deviance that are rooted in community processes of resistance to the dominant normative system.     

物理温度向社会情感的隐喻映射:作用机制及其解释

基于概念隐喻理论的视角,大量行为与神经层面上的研究都揭示了温度与社会情感之间的隐喻关联有着更深层次的心理意义.“隐喻一致性效应”与“隐喻补偿效应”被用来阐述温度-社会情感隐喻的作用机制.而个体早期经验的不断“架构”构成了对这一隐喻形成的解释.此外,神经层面的研究也发现,脑岛可能是物理温度向社会情感隐喻映射的神经基础.未来的研究需从完善研究方法、深化作用机制、从发展的角度探索形成机制的研究以及注重温度-社会情感隐喻研究的应用拓展等几个方面着手.     

信息技术发展对医学教育的影响

信息技术的发展对医学教育产生了重要的影响。借助于电子计算机和互联网技术的优势,医学教育从手段到内容上都发生了巨大的变化,今天的医学教育也进入了新时代。此外,包括博客和Wiki在内的新兴技术也提供了新的医学教学方法。互联网的精神也将对医学教育思想产生影响。     

“天上的审判”,“地上的公义”——解析《诗篇》82篇“审判”之主题

本文提出"审判"是《诗篇》82篇基本主题之一,并从希伯来词"审判"出发,解析了该诗"审判"主题的意义层次,其具体表现为:"审判"是耶和华实现公义之途径,是以色列上帝公义的有力武器,它也体现了耶和华在宇宙的基本职能。而诗歌中"天上审判"的主题实际关注的却是人间"地上公义"的问题。