Instructional cost and utlization of classroom time for fifth grade students of differing achievement levels

The literature is abundant with studies on how students use their classroom time. Little research has been done, however, on the instructional cost associated with the productive use of student classroom time. This study examines how 36 fifth grade students, classified as low, medium, and high achievers, used their classroom time. A measure of instructional cost based on productive use of time is proposed.     

医学心理学三十年

本文概略地叙述了医学心理学三十年来的历程,并就心理治疗、神经症的心理病因和心理特点、精神病的病理心理特点、针刺麻醉中的心理学问题、智力落后儿童的心理诊断等几个方面的研究工作作了回顾。     

中国人眼光谱相对视亮度函数的研究 Ⅱ 暗视函数

一、引 言 人眼作为光接受器,对于可见光谱内的不同波长的辐射有不同的视亮度或感受性。随着光照水平的变化,人眼的这种光谱感受性又有明显的变化:在明视条件下,正常人眼最敏感的部位在黄绿区内;在暗视条件下,敏感峰值向短波段推移,在蓝绿区。这种现象称为朴金耶(purkinje)位移。它是由网膜机能的双重性所决定的——明视觉主要是锥体     

不同光源对视觉辨认的影响

前言 自然光和各种人工光的光谱组成不同、色温不同、显现颜色的特性也各不相同。但是在相同照度下,各种光源对人眼辨认非采色对象的效果是否一样,照明工程设计人员有着不同的意见。从而影响到照度标准的制定。多数国家如美国和英、法等西欧各国不     

实验动物的处死方法与脑内单膜类神经介质变化的关系

中枢神经介质的研究虽然只有短短二十多年的历史,但它与痛觉、情绪、睡眠与觉醒、学习和记忆有密切关系,特别是神经介质在精神活动中所起的作用引起了人们的浓厚兴趣。这已成为心理学研究领域内不可忽视的重要课题,它为脑功能的深入研究开辟了新的前景。     

痛成分的心理学研究(Ⅱ)——试论穴位电针的镇痛效应

在针麻原理的研究中,有人探讨了入手术室时的情绪状态和某些心理、生理机能的联系及其和针麻效果的关系。那么针刺对情绪有何影响?在前一个研究中,我们提出了痛反应量表,考察多种痛刺激下的情绪状态和痛感觉。然后再在受试者身上进行同神经     

中美邪教定义的比较与对话

由于文化背景和现实国情的差异,中美两国学者对邪教的理解不尽相同。中国学者在论及邪教的识别与防治时,往往更强调邪教冒用传统宗教名义的欺骗性及其对社会和国家的危害;美国学者则较少关注邪教同传统宗教的关系,往往更强调邪教形式的多样性及其在心理生理上对信徒个人和家庭的侵害。然而,两国学者对于邪教的破坏性、封闭性、教主崇拜、强制性劝诱和精神控制等特征的相似论述,不仅为双方的学术交流提供了对话中介,而且为扩大两国在邪教问题上的共识和实现打击邪教犯罪的跨国合作提供了可能条件。     

Daily and long-term consequences of support seeking in Chinese couples: Between-person differences and within-person processes

It is widely accepted that support-seeking behaviour is culture-specific, such that Asians are less likely to seek support when stressed compared with Westerners. However, mounting evidence is based on the vignette methodology or the cross-sectional survey and utilised students sample. Little is known about how such behaviour manifests in real life and incurs relational consequences. Moreover, psychological theories predict both differences in support-seeking behaviour between persons and the variability of such behaviour within persons. The current study aims to explore between-and within-person associations between support seeking and relationship satisfaction in Chinese couples. Eighty-four Chinese couples reported their daily stressors, support seeking behaviour, and relationship satisfaction every evening for 7 days and overall relationship satisfaction before the diary study and 1 year later. We found that support seeking matters in Asian couples: On days when couples sought more support, they would be more satisfied with their relationship. Notably, no negative associations between couples' own support seeking and partners' relationship satisfaction were found. This study advances our understanding of general and temporal support-seeking processes in Asian couples in the course of everyday life and over time. Results entail important theoretical and practical implications.     

Future time perspective drives younger and older adults to continue investing in failing activities

Inspired by socioemotional selectivity theory, we investigated age differences in further investment in failing situations by considering goal type and future time perspective. In Experiment 1, 32 younger and 30 older adults reported their likelihood of continued investing following an unsuccessful investment. Older adults were more willing to invest with emotional goals as opposed to knowledge and unspecified goals, while younger adults showed a greater willingness to invest with emotional and knowledge goals rather than unspecified goals. In Experiment 2, another sample of 32 younger and 34 older adults completed the same decision tasks as those in Experiment 1. After future time perspective restriction, the younger adults made decisions resembling Experiment 1's older adults, while after future time perspective expansion, the older adults behaved like Experiment 1's younger adults. These results indicate that future time perspective modification could reverse participants' goal prioritisation, manifesting in differential willingness to pursue further investment in decision scenarios with different goals. Our results represent important steps towards understanding the mechanism of older and younger adults' further investment in failing situations and illustrate that forging connections between the lifespan theory of motivation and further investment decision is critical for understanding adults' decision behaviours.