成人智力发展与记忆

本工作采用我国修订的韦氏成人智力量表,进行了140例成人智力老化的研究,各年龄组在性别、文化方面均相匹配。本工作结果基本上重复了国外用韦氏智力量表所看到的“智力老化的经典模式”,但我国的20岁组成绩较差。这表明横断法研究可能受群体历史文化背景影响的问题。此外,智力与记忆相关显著(r=0.55),记忆老化发展趋势与作业量表分较相似。     

马斯洛需要理论的一个关键概念

通过对行为主义和传统的本能理论的批判,马斯洛提出了“似本能”这一重要概念。“似本能”是马斯洛需要理论的一个关键概念。本文着重分析了这一概念对于马斯洛需要理论以及他的心理学理论的理论后果,并且列举了一些直接或间接支持这一概念的心理学和遗传学的研究。最后,本文指出了这一概念的理论意义,其中主要的意义在于,它有助于以人类因素和社会因素的统一的观点来看待行为以及心理发展的问题。只有从这种统一出发,才有可能深刻理解人类行为。     

Daily and long-term consequences of support seeking in Chinese couples: Between-person differences and within-person processes

It is widely accepted that support-seeking behaviour is culture-specific, such that Asians are less likely to seek support when stressed compared with Westerners. However, mounting evidence is based on the vignette methodology or the cross-sectional survey and utilised students sample. Little is known about how such behaviour manifests in real life and incurs relational consequences. Moreover, psychological theories predict both differences in support-seeking behaviour between persons and the variability of such behaviour within persons. The current study aims to explore between-and within-person associations between support seeking and relationship satisfaction in Chinese couples. Eighty-four Chinese couples reported their daily stressors, support seeking behaviour, and relationship satisfaction every evening for 7 days and overall relationship satisfaction before the diary study and 1 year later. We found that support seeking matters in Asian couples: On days when couples sought more support, they would be more satisfied with their relationship. Notably, no negative associations between couples' own support seeking and partners' relationship satisfaction were found. This study advances our understanding of general and temporal support-seeking processes in Asian couples in the course of everyday life and over time. Results entail important theoretical and practical implications.     

元实践学与异质性理论——对一套实践哲学研究方案的说明

当今众多以“实践哲学”为名号的研究其实只是家族相似。该文是对笔者的实践哲学方案的说明,目的在于跟其他方案区别开来。该方案的学科名称为“元实践学”,是对实践问题的形上学探讨,学说名称为“异质性理论”,是奠基于“异质性”概念的元实践学。     

学龄前儿童关于图画作者意图的认知发展

通过两可形状图、两可动作图和局限视野图三个实验,考察了3-6岁儿童对图画作者意图与其作品问关系的认知发展.结果表明:3-6岁儿童对图画作者意图的理解能力随年龄增长逐渐提高;儿童的知觉经验、社会经验以及图画作品的知觉信息完整性均影响儿童对图画作者意图的认知.     

斯宾诺莎宗教概念研究

斯宾诺莎的宗教概念是斯宾诺莎主义的重要方面。这一少有人作专门研究的宗教概念应当受到关注,这对于我们的斯宾诺莎研究的深入是绝对必要的;对于我们的今日宗教问题的思考亦绝非无益。本文拟从斯宾诺莎的著作出发,考察其宗教概念的特有内涵和本质,并对它作出应有的历史定位。     

Future time perspective drives younger and older adults to continue investing in failing activities

Inspired by socioemotional selectivity theory, we investigated age differences in further investment in failing situations by considering goal type and future time perspective. In Experiment 1, 32 younger and 30 older adults reported their likelihood of continued investing following an unsuccessful investment. Older adults were more willing to invest with emotional goals as opposed to knowledge and unspecified goals, while younger adults showed a greater willingness to invest with emotional and knowledge goals rather than unspecified goals. In Experiment 2, another sample of 32 younger and 34 older adults completed the same decision tasks as those in Experiment 1. After future time perspective restriction, the younger adults made decisions resembling Experiment 1's older adults, while after future time perspective expansion, the older adults behaved like Experiment 1's younger adults. These results indicate that future time perspective modification could reverse participants' goal prioritisation, manifesting in differential willingness to pursue further investment in decision scenarios with different goals. Our results represent important steps towards understanding the mechanism of older and younger adults' further investment in failing situations and illustrate that forging connections between the lifespan theory of motivation and further investment decision is critical for understanding adults' decision behaviours.     

Herman Bavinck’s ‘Yes’ and Karl Barth’s ‘No’: Constructing a Dialectic‐in‐Organic Approach to the Theology of General Revelation

By grounding theology in God’s revelation, Herman Bavinck (1854‐1921) and Karl Barth (1886‐1968) take differing attitudes to general revelation, which is widely accepted in the circle of Reformed theology. Bavinck firmly says ‘Yes’ to the existence of the knowledge of God in creation. In contrast with him, Barth holds fast to the Christocentric view of God’s revelation, and thus says ‘No’ to general revelation in the universe. This divergence is primarily due to their different theological thinking and concerns. Bavinck deploys organic thinking in revelation and focuses on God’s creation, which seems to blur the distinction between general and special revelation. By contrast, Barth makes use of dialectical thinking and preoccupies himself with divine‐human reconciliation, which subordinates creation to God’s redemption. To this extent, both bring about disparities within God’s revelation. This essay proposes a dialectic‐in‐organic approach to general revelation, which affirms the disclosure of the knowledge of the Triune God in creation, recognises the independent value of creation, and maintains the diversity‐with‐parity within the revelation of the Triune God.     

对阅读理解监控及其发展的直接测量

结合采用错误检测范式和眼动记录方法对大中学生篇章阅读中的理解监控进行了直接测量.结果发现:(1)初一学生不能觉察科技说明短文中故意插入的错误,而高一学生和大一学生能够觉察科技说明短文中故意插入的错误;(2)高一学生和大一学生的理解监控水平高于初一学生.