海马CA_3区在长时记忆的保持中的作用

本工作将M-胆碱能受体阻断剂东莨菪碱,r-氨基丁酸及其受体阻断剂印防己毒素,经埋植的慢性导管注入家兔双侧海马CA_3区,观察上述药物对已巩固的操作式食物性条件反应的影响。发现东莨菪碱(每侧45微克/5微升)、r-氨基丁酸(每侧3毫克/5微升)均使条件反应抑制;若注r-氨基丁酸之前先加注印防己毒素,则抑制时间缩短,且剂量愈大时间更为缩短。抑制期间动物的摄食和运动功能正常,抑制后条件反应皆恢复;注生理盐水作自身对照则均无抑制效应。这表明海马CA_3区在长时记忆的保持上起着重要作用,且此种作用有胆碱能突触和GABA能突触参与。     

对《韦氏成人智力量表等几种心理测验修订中存在的问题》一文的商榷

谈加林同志在《心理学报》1986年第3期上发表《韦氏成人智力量表等几种心理测验修订中存在的问题》一文,认为龚耀先同志负责的全国心理测验协作组在修订韦氏成人智力量表等几种心理测验中,对常模样本的代表性、常模群体的界定及分数组合与等距性问题上有着“忽视了这些工作而没有尽自己能力”的问题。并指出韦氏智力量表Tellegen简式用法的使用错误问题。笔者认为:该文提出的观点由于概念上的模糊,对测验编制者编制目的的不甚了解,故他所指出的几个问题在不同程度上存在着错误,特撰文商榷。     

新生儿视觉分辨能力的研究

本研究的目的是用习惯化方法探讨新生儿视觉辨别能力的发展水平。一个由176名新生儿组成的样本在北京友谊医院随机取得。被试年龄在出生8分钟至13天之间。所有被试都是正常、健康的、处于觉醒状态的新生儿。实验材料是8张图片,其图案为:灰圆、红圆、黑色环形图、正常人脸、怪脸及3张黑白相间的栅条图形。这些图形随机配对组成10对,以作对比。实验结果表明:从出生起,新生儿就能对不同图案的图形进行视觉辨别;新生儿在一定程度上发展起颜色分辨的能力;两个图形,只在一个维度上相异时,较容易被新生儿辨别,新生儿的视觉分辨能力与其性别无显著相关。     

Paradoxical effects of categorization in minority influence: When being an outgroup is an advantage

In a 2 × 2 factorial design, 165 high school girls gave their opinions about abortion (direct influence) and about contraception (indirect ifluence) after reading a message advocating abortion said to have been written by either an ingroup (same sex) or an outgroup (opposite sex) minority and explicitly opposed by the majority opinion of either the ingroup or the outgroup. Results show that there is less direct influence when the ingroup majority is opposed to the minority, and more direct influence when the process of identification is less involved. Indirect influence appears in an intergroup context where categorization of majority and minority into different groups is superimposed on their ideological dissent, which has the effect of allowing recognition of the minority's distinctiveness and validity over and above the discrimination that appears at the direct influence level. In discussing the results, a theoretical integration of social comparison and validation processes is proposed as a step towards explaining the diversity of minority influence phenomena.     

混沌现象及其在生理心理系统中的意义(一)

非线性系统的确定性数学模型能够产生复杂的非周期性动力学行为,即混沌现象,许多领域的科学工作者对此已进行了大量、广泛的数值研究和实验分析。本文试图探讨混沌动力学在生理心理学中的意义。第一部分对混沌现象的概念、发生机制以及数值分析方法做了简单的综述,第二部分以神经系统的计算机实验结果为例讨论了混沌动力学的数值分析方法做为新的统计工具,在心理学的研究中可能得到的应用。     

Compounds,confounds, and models in developmental information processing: A reply to Trabasso and Foellinger

A point by point examination of Trabasso and Foellinger's paper shows their criticisms of my 1970 work to be based on errors of fact (regarding the data I reported) and errors of method (regarding proper procedures for model evaluation). Factual errors are refuted by summarizing crucial data reported in 1970 but ignored by my critics. Errors of method are refuted by contrasting my $\text{CSVI}\text{BE}$ model and data with Trabasso and Foellinger's model and data in the light of the scientific epistemology of model evaluation. The issues of “general” versus “local” models, their “empirical scope,” “number of empirical parameters,” and “simplifying assumptions” are examined. Five ways of evaluating models are distinguished, and in all five my 1970 model is shown to be superior to that of Trabasso and Foellinger. The 1970 data (in light of the controls built into the CSVI task) and new unreported data exhibiting developmental step functions confirm the model of a developmental growth of M (mental energy, working memory), which occurs concurrently with and independently from the growth of executive/control structures. Executive growth alone cannot explain the obtained results.     

医学心理学三十年

本文概略地叙述了医学心理学三十年来的历程,并就心理治疗、神经症的心理病因和心理特点、精神病的病理心理特点、针刺麻醉中的心理学问题、智力落后儿童的心理诊断等几个方面的研究工作作了回顾。     

中国人眼光谱相对视亮度函数的研究 Ⅱ 暗视函数

一、引 言 人眼作为光接受器,对于可见光谱内的不同波长的辐射有不同的视亮度或感受性。随着光照水平的变化,人眼的这种光谱感受性又有明显的变化:在明视条件下,正常人眼最敏感的部位在黄绿区内;在暗视条件下,敏感峰值向短波段推移,在蓝绿区。这种现象称为朴金耶(purkinje)位移。它是由网膜机能的双重性所决定的——明视觉主要是锥体     

痛成分的心理学研究(Ⅱ)——试论穴位电针的镇痛效应

在针麻原理的研究中,有人探讨了入手术室时的情绪状态和某些心理、生理机能的联系及其和针麻效果的关系。那么针刺对情绪有何影响?在前一个研究中,我们提出了痛反应量表,考察多种痛刺激下的情绪状态和痛感觉。然后再在受试者身上进行同神经     

The influence of decision task and deliberation style on the verdict of the juries

The influence of decision task and deliberation style on the verdict of the juries. In the Kameda's Deliberation Style Model the emission of verdicts of responsibility when the deliberation style of the juries (elemental/compound) and the type of decision task (disjunctive/conjunctive) are jointly manipulated, is favoured in certain conditions. Given the consequences that these approaches could have in real judicial processes, this model is analyzed using a manslaughter crime under the Spanish judicial context conditions (nine members juries and seven or five members majorities emitting a verdict of guilty or not guilty, respectively). The obtained results indicated a better operation of the model when a conjunctive decision task was demanded.