酝酿期有效提示和无效提示的比较

采用中国汉字谜,通过模拟wallas(1926)关于顿悟问题解决的四个阶段,探讨了酝酿期有效提示和无效提示对猜字谜的影响。结果发现：有效提示组被试比无效提示组猜对了更多的靶字谜,反应时也更短;在脑电水平上,酝酿期的有效提示谜比无效提示谜在左前额叶分别于300ms-400ms,400ms-600ms,600ms-800ms内引发了更大的P300-400成分、P400-600成分、P600-800成分。表明有效提示谜比无效提示谜对靶字谜问题的解决有更大促进作用。     

不同车速下司机对交通标志的辨认距离实验

本实验所得数据表明,不同车速下司机对同一标志的判读距离是不一样的,车速愈高,司机能判读标志的距离就愈短,同步行时相比,在车速提高到100公里/小时时,司机对标志的判读距离可减低35～45％。据我们的补充实验,这种现象的产生可能是由于司机在高速驾车情况下所产生的生理心理负荷造成的。     

Motivation and social contexts: a crossnational pilot study of achievement, power, and affiliation motives

Previous research suggests that there is a relationship between social contexts (e.g., economic growth, engagement in wars) and motives within populations. In particular, high achievement motive is associated with subsequent economic growth, which in turn increases power motive. Increased national achievement and power motives have been argued to precede social changes that lead to decreased affiliation motives, and engagement in wars. The present study aimed to examine differences in achievement, power, and affiliation motives between 266 college students in China (a nation with sustained high economic growth) and 255 college students in the USA (a nation with previously strong but now slowing economic growth, and engaged in war). Analysis of personal strivings suggested that Chinese college students showed significantly higher levels of achievement motive than the American college students, but American college students showed significantly higher levels of affiliation motive than Chinese college students. Overall, males exhibited higher achievement motivation than females. No significant interaction effects were found for gender by location for any of the three motives. The findings are discussed in relation to previous research.     

话务员成就目标与工作倦怠关系的研究

目的:探讨话务员成就目标与工作倦怠的关系。方法:采用修订的成就目标量表、工作倦怠量表调查270名移动一线话务员。结果:1.掌握目标取向与负性的情绪耗竭以及玩世不恭存在显著负相关,而与成就动机存在显著正相关;2.表现趋向以及表现回避与情绪耗竭、玩世不恭存在显著正相关,与成就动机存相关系数不显著;3.掌握目标取向负向预测情绪耗竭以及玩世不恭,而正向预测成就动机,而表现回避正向预测情绪耗竭和玩世不恭。结论:掌握目标取向的个体感受的倦怠程度越低,而表现回避和表现趋向的得分越高的个体感受职业倦怠程度越高。     

论张积中的三教观

自魏晋以来,儒释道三家思想并存发展成为了中国文化的显著特征之一。清末太谷学派作为流传于民间的一个学术派别,其三教观一直存在诸多争议。学派北宗传人张积中在山东肥城黄崖山聚徒讲学近十年,门人弟子遍及山左,现存遗著十九种,为太谷二传弟子中著述最多者。从张积中的三教观来看,他并非倡导三教合一,其三教观的核心是以弘扬儒家文化为基本理念,同时汲取佛道思想来完善其理论体系的太谷圣功之学,当属宋明"新儒家"思想在民间进行儒学传播的新尝试。     

明清之际的伊斯兰教与基督教

明清之际,以天主教为代表的基督教第三次入华,由于伊斯兰教与基督教长期对立的历史背景,再次入华的基督教与中国伊斯兰教的关系颇为复杂,这既表现于基督教对中国伊斯兰教的敌视,也表现于二者在统治机构中的权利争夺,这些对中国伊斯兰教的发展均产生了重要影响。     

以实质心理学为基础的评估：认知诊断

评价除了了解学习者的学习情况外,同时还应该提供学习者学习状况的诊断信息,以利于教学与学习。评价应该以认知心理学对学习过程的研究,作为编制测验的实质理论依据,进行认知诊断评估。本文针对认知诊断的心理学基础：知识的习得、知识诱发、知识表征、知识结构等进行梳理,以便测验开发者对认知诊断评估有更清晰的认识。     

不同沟通方式下群体决策信息利用分析

以180名被试组成45个四人群体．完成模拟人事选拔的问题解决型任务,通过对群体决策过程的信息提取数量和提取次序的分析,考察不同的沟通方式和信息分享程度对群体决策信息利用的影响。结果表明。（1）在不同沟通方式下,决策成员的讨论前偏好对最终决策的影响很大。（2）在不同的沟通方式下,分享程度不同的信息在决策过程中的提取具有差异,体现了不同的规律。     

Perception of dynamic acoustic patterns by an individual with unilateral verbal auditory agnosia

Previous studies have found that subjects diagnosed with verbal auditory agnosia (VAA) from bilateral brain lesions may experience difficulties at the prephonemic level of acoustic processing. In this case study, we administered a series of speech and nonspeech discrimination tests to an individual with unilateral VAA as a result of left-temporal-lobe damage. The results indicated that the subject's ability to perceive steady-state acoustic stimuli was relatively intact but his ability to perceive dynamic stimuli was drastically reduced. We conclude that this particular aspect of acoustic processing may be a major contributing factor that disables speech perception in subjects with unilateral VAA.     

IT企业员工压力源、应对方式与身心健康的相关研究

本研究旨在探索压力源、应对方式与身心健康的关系和作用机制。结果表明：所有压力源和控制型应对方式与身心健康有显著相关;对男性心理健康起预测作用的压力源为人际关系、角色模糊、工作家庭平衡、职业发展,且控制型应对方式在角色模糊与心理健康之间起调节作用;对男性身体健康起预测作用的压力源为工作负荷、角色冲突和控制型应对方式;对女性心理健康起预测作用的压力源为工作家庭平衡,对女性身体健康起预测作用的压力源为工作负荷。