从进化心理学的角度解读心理韧性

虽然目前暂时无法说明心理韧性到底是什么样的心理系统,但从进化心理学的角度来看,心理韧性意味着一种在生存困境中的自我保护本能.通过还原心理韧性的功能特征,并考察心理韧性的背景信息,有助于将心理韧性的系统认识和功能认识辩证地结合起来,相互启发和验证,指引心理韧性研究的新方向.     

认知加工偏向视野下的自尊研究

目前,关于自尊与认知相互作用关系的研究主要集中在认知加工偏向效应的探讨上。认知加工偏向效应的探索为自尊研究提供了一种全新的视角。该文以认知加工过程为脉络,重点介绍自尊的注意、记忆、解释加工偏向研究的实验范式和研究结果,并对其进行评价,以期为后来研究提供参考。     

云南少数民族女性与宗教研究述评

宗教作为一种社会意识形态,隐含着人类历史的文化基因.男女两性共同创造了历史,也创造了文化.近年来随着女性主义视角下社会性别研究的兴起,学术界对宗教的研究也开拓了新的理论视角与学术旨趣,如女性与宗教这一新动向的出现.云南民族众多,由于其地域文化的多样性和历史发展的不均衡性,其宗教类型齐全,信仰内涵丰富.在此背景下,本文拟对近些年来云南少数民族女性与宗教的相关研究情况,分别作一宗教人类学理论视角下的概述.     

Speech errors reflect the phonotactic constraints in recently spoken syllables, but not in recently heard syllables

Adults rapidly learn phonotactic constraints from brief production or perception experience. Three experiments asked whether this learning is modality-specific, occurring separately in production and perception, or whether perception transfers to production. Participant pairs took turns repeating syllables in which particular consonants were restricted to particular syllable positions. Speakers’ errors reflected learning of the constraints present in the sequences they produced, regardless of whether their partner produced syllables with the same constraints, or opposing constraints. Although partial transfer could be induced (Experiment 3), simply hearing and encoding syllables produced by others did not affect speech production to the extent that error patterns were altered. Learning of new phonotactic constraints was predominantly restricted to the modality in which those constraints were experienced.     

公共物品两难中相互依赖关系对合作行为的影响

本文关注初始关系建立过程中互动双方相互依赖关系对个体合作行为的影响,认为情境中表征个体间相互依赖关系的线索会对激活被试在情境中的社会动机并影响被试的信任信念,进而影响互动双方的合作行为。操作互动双方问基于互动制约的相互依赖和基于利益共同的相互依赖,模拟高相互依赖和低相互依赖关系情境。结果表明：①不同的相互依赖关系能够激活不同的社会动机和信任信念;②不同的相互依赖关系中,被试的合作行为有显著差异;③在特定的相互依赖关系中,被试的合作行为与其本身的信任倾向无显著相关;④特定相互依赖关系下被试的社会动机带有策略性,信任信念对被试合作行为的预测能力较强。     

视觉工作记忆中基于客体的存储机制：来自ERPs的证据

该研究以简单形状和颜色构成的客体为材料,采用延迟匹配范式,通过记录事件相关电位,以反映工作记忆表征与知觉输入间冲突的N270为指标,就视觉工作记忆中的客体存储机制进行了探讨。结果发现,无关维度特征变化与目标维度特征变化均可诱发N270。该结果表明,视觉工作记忆对客体目标特征进行存储时,无关特征亦自动得到选择加工,支持基于客体的存储说。     

从中国的社会转型看邪教在当代社会的生存条件

当代中国的社会转型主要包括三个层面,即经济体制的转轨、社会结构的变动和社会形态的变迁。它们虽然有力地推动了我国经济、政治和文化的发展进步,但也不可避免地导致了新旧体制、意识形态和价值观念的激烈碰撞,从而为各种潜伏在人们心灵深处的封建迷信思想的沉渣泛起和境内外邪教组织的乘虚而入创造了条件。     

朱熹与康德道德哲学契合之探寻

朱熹与康德作为中西方最重要的哲学家,对道德的思考有着一定的相似性.他们都试图通过把握一个超验概念进而展开他们的道德哲学;认为道德法则在本质上是先验、普遍与绝对的;个人的幸福和欲望应从属于普遍的道德法则,主张道德自律;坚持道义优先,拒绝对道德进行功利主义的理解.但是由于两种道德哲学的根本价值指向不同,结果也导致了两种理论的不同遭遇和命运.     

己丑年对海外弟子授箓活动在天师府举行

2009年11月30日至12月2日,下元节期间,一年一度的对海外弟子授篆活动在龙虎山嗣汉天师府如期举行。     

Environmental enrichment improves behavioral performance and auditory spatial representation of primary auditory cortical neurons in rat

Environmental enrichment (EE) has an important role in brain plasticity. Early research has shown that EE increases the response strength of neurons in the auditory cortex, but it remains unknown whether EE can influence the process of spatial localization in the auditory system. In this study, we raised rats in enriched and standard conditions from postnatal day 10 to day 56. By testing behavioral tasks via auditory cues, we have shown that EE improved the number of correct scores, but decreased the reaction time and azimuth deviation in behavioral performance of sound-azimuth discrimination. By in vivo extracellular recording, we have shown that EE enhanced the directional sensitivity of neurons in the primary auditory cortex. For example, EE rats had a smaller spatial receptive field, sharper frequency tuning curve and directional selective curve of auditory neurons compared with normal rats. Our findings indicate that early exposure to EE increases directional sensitivity. These results provide an insight into developmental plasticity in the auditory system.