自闭症儿童的心理理论与中心信息整合的关系探讨

自闭症儿童的心理理论一直是儿童心理理论研究的重要领域,自闭症儿童身上心理理论缺失这一领域特殊性的加工缺损与弱的中心信息整合这一领域一般性的加工异常之问的关系研究逐渐受到了广泛关注。在阐述自闭症领域的心理理论研究,并介绍弱的中心信息整合理论的基本观点和实验证据之后,在此探讨了两者之间的关系,包括两者相互独立的观点、相互关联的观点以及其他的不同观点,并对今后的研究方向做出了展望。     

"兴趣"与"实存":"行为的理由"与"直观的经验对象"——对康德美学第一契机的重新解读

当前对于康德美学第一契机中的两个关键词“兴趣”与“实存”的误读源于脱离康德整个批判哲学体系。在康德哲学中,带有兴趣的愉悦感都与行为的理由联系在一起,任何实践活动都是要把欲求的对象变成一个直观的经验对象,反之,不带任何兴趣的审美的愉悦感与行为的理由没有任何关联,这种愉悦感的产生在于想像力能够超出对象的“实存”创造出具有某种普遍性的、与知性之机能协调一致的“形式”。     

尼古丁依赖的神经生物学机制

尼古丁依赖是香烟成瘾的主要原因,其特征为无法克制的尼古丁觅求冲动,以及强迫性地、连续地使用尼古丁,以体验其带来的欣快感和愉悦感,并避免可能产生的戒断症状。该文主要从动物模型和人类脑功能成像两个方面来综述已有关于尼古丁依赖的神经生物学机制的研究成果,发现中脑边缘多巴胺系统是尼古丁依赖中的重要神经生物学基础。然而,目前对于尼古丁依赖的研究主要从静态的角度出发,较少研究其动态过程;并且尼古丁依赖与其他药物依赖之间的差异也缺乏直接的证据,因此这些都将成为将来可能的研究方向。     

广松涉对胡塞尔现象学的批判及其克服

以马克思、卡西尔和马赫哲学为立足点,以对胡塞尔现象学的批判为突破口,广松涉提出了“现象的所与-意义的所识”-“能知的某人-能识的某人”的四肢结构论,由此实现了由物的世界观到事的世界观、由实体主义到关系主义的哲学变革,标志着具有独创性的广松哲学的正式形成,在格外注重生态平衡与可持续发展的今天,它显示出独特的理论价值与现实意义。     

课堂成就目标定向、任务难度、学业水平与元认知监控策略运用

以217名高中生为被试,采用计算机监控的活动操作法,探讨课堂成就目标定向、任务难度对不同学业水平学生元认知监控策略运用的影响。结果表明：（1）课堂掌握目标定向下均比在课堂成绩目标定向下更多地运用元认知监控策略;（2）高学业学生在较难任务上比较易任务上更多地运用元认知监控策略;低学业学生,在课堂掌握目标定向下．在较难任务上比较易任务上更多地使用元认知监控策略;在课堂成绩目标定向下,与课堂掌握目标定向情形相反;（3）临场动机中的自我效能感、目标方向、努力程度在课堂成就目标定向、任务难度对元认知监控策略的影响中具有中介作用。     

行为抑制的认知神经基础:基于两种行为抑制任务范式的差异分析

Go/no go任务与stop signal任务是行为抑制研究中两个常用的任务。本文从任务所涉及的认知过程,各自的理论基础以及任务操作所激活的大脑神经网络这三个方面对这两个任务进行比较,阐明这两个任务涉及的是两种类型的行为抑制:优势反应抑制与反应停止。     

Career adaptability,calling and the professional competence of social work students in China: A career construction perspective

Based on career construction theory, the current research examined individual and contextual predictors for the professional competence of Chinese undergraduates majoring in social work (N = 270). Results showed that career concern and career curiosity predicted social work students' professional competence, with these relations mediated by the calling in social work. It was also found that the positive effect of calling on professional competence was stronger among students who perceived a lower level of career-oriented learning environment. The corresponding moderated mediation model was supported such that the indirect effects of career concern and career curiosity on professional competence were stronger among students who perceived a lower level of career-oriented learning environment. These findings carry implications for research on career construction theory, as well as career education and career counseling practices.     

Development and validation of a Christian-based Grief Recovery Scale

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Christian-based Grief Recovery Scale (CGRS) which was used to measure Christians recovering from grief after a significant loss. Taiwanese Christian participants were recruited from churches and a comprehensive university in northern Taiwan. They were affected by both the Christian faith and Chinese cultural beliefs. The CGRS is developed through replicated factor analyses in three stages. The final version of the CGRS retains 35 Likert-type items and consists of six factors: spiritual well-being; recovering meaning and sense of control; ongoing physical and emotional responses; reassuring faith; strongly missing a deceased loved one; and life disturbance. The evidence for CGRS reliability and validity is highlighted. Implications for research and counselling practice are suggested.     

风险对两类跨期选择的影响：一项ERP研究

该研究利用ERP技术,采用伴随风险的跨期选择任务比较了两类跨期选择（立即vs.延迟、延迟vs.延迟）,并探究了风险（零风险、低风险、高风险）对两者跨期选择影响的神经动力学机制。ERP结果显示,对于立即vs.延迟和延迟vs.延迟,在N2和N400上前者大于后者,在LPC上后者大于前者;风险对两者在时程上的影响趋于一致。因此,其加工可能是先对奖赏在风险维度上进行折扣,再与延迟时间进行整合形成奖赏预期,而后做出选择。     

Comparing Latent Means Without Mean Structure Models: A Projection-Based Approach

The conventional setup for multi-group structural equation modeling requires a stringent condition of cross-group equality of intercepts before mean comparison with latent variables can be conducted. This article proposes a new setup that allows mean comparison without the need to estimate any mean structural model. By projecting the observed sample means onto the space of the common scores and the space orthogonal to that of the common scores, the new setup allows identifying and estimating the means of the common and specific factors, although, without replicate measures, variances of specific factors cannot be distinguished from those of measurement errors. Under the new setup, testing cross-group mean differences of the common scores is done independently from that of the specific factors. Such independent testing eliminates the requirement for cross-group equality of intercepts by the conventional setup in order to test cross-group equality of means of latent variables using chi-square-difference statistics. The most appealing piece of the new setup is a validity index for mean differences, defined as the percentage of the sum of the squared observed mean differences that is due to that of the mean differences of the common scores. By analyzing real data with two groups, the new setup is shown to offer more information than what is obtained under the conventional setup.