A business frame perspective on why perceptions of top management's bottom-line mentality result in employees’ good and bad behaviors

Emerging research suggests that bottom-line mentalities (BLMs) (i.e., a sole focus on bottom-line outcomes to the exclusion of other considerations) can have dysfunctional consequences within the workplace. However, research has yet to consider how and why BLMs may result in both beneficial and dysfunctional organizational outcomes. In the present research, we examine employees’ perceptions of top management's BLM as a type of business frame that results in two cognitive states. Under the influence of this business frame, employees may adopt a mental preoccupation with work (i.e., a state of ongoing work-related cognitions) that propels beneficial employee outcomes by reducing customer incivility and enhancing customer service performance. Yet, also in response to top management's high BLM as a business frame, employees may adopt self-interest cognitions (i.e., a cognitive state of self-interest) that instigate customer-directed unethical conduct. Across two field studies, we found general support for our hypotheses. Taken together, our findings suggest that perceptions of top management's high BLM can be a mixed blessing in that it may drive employees to adopt focused work efforts (mental preoccupation with work), but also self-interest cognitions, with each cognitive state predicting beneficial or dysfunctional behaviors. We discuss the implications of these findings and directions for future research.     

康德的道德形而上学及其与儒家伦理的比较

康德所开创的道德形而上学仍然是某种意义上的"物理学之后",即以知识论和逻辑规范为框架或"模型"而建立起来的道德原则。这种规范伦理学与儒家的德性伦理学在出发点上是截然不同的,但这并不妨碍双方可以以某种方式相容和互补,即以康德规范伦理学的普遍原则为纲,而以儒家的"良知"和"四端"学说为补充。但前提是,首先对儒家伦理进行一番现象学还原,剔除那些具体的缺乏普遍性的伪规范,还原到其中的人类共同的规范,也就是通过具体批判来达到抽象继承。这就是我所设想的中国今天的道德建设路线图。     

The “Buzz” Behind the Buzz Matters: Energetic and Tense Arousal as Separate Motivations for Word of Mouth

This research provides a novel theoretical framework to explain the missing mechanism behind one of the strongest predictors for engaging in word of mouth (WOM): the consumer's psychological arousal (i.e., greater arousal leads to greater WOM; e.g., Berger, 2011). Across six studies (N = 1,309), we provide evidence for a motivational theory of the arousal–WOM relationship, highlighting the importance of the WOM's valence (positive vs. negative) as well as the consumer's salient type of arousal (energetic vs. tense; Thayer, 1989). In doing so, we demonstrate that consumers use WOM as an arousal management strategy: They are motivated to engage in positive WOM to maintain or increase their energetic arousal and to engage in negative WOM to reduce or eliminate their tense arousal. These findings also demonstrate the importance of the WOM recipient's response for the WOM source to achieve his/her desired arousal state. Thus, this work both expands our understanding of the arousal–WOM relationship and provides a framework for interpreting past work and conducting future investigations into when and how consumers will engage in WOM.     

五台山——民族文化交流的纽带

自元朝藏传佛教萨逛派领袖八思巴巡礼五台山后，历代帝王及藏传佛教领袖人物，都十分看重五台山。五台山始终是沟通汉、藏、蒙、满、土等民族文化交流的重要纽带。     

关于苏格拉底赞赏"子告父罪"的背景知识

文章对近期在《学海》和《江苏社会科学》杂志上展开的关于儒家"父子相隐"(父子之间不告发)的讨论进行了相关背景知识的澄清,作者以充分的、确凿的历史资料为依据,指出苏格拉底出于理性、正义和法律的原则立场,冲破狭隘的血缘关系,主张父亲有罪儿子可以告发,这是对古希腊氏族伦理规范的一个突破,虽然引起了一些人的不满,但却是符合当时的一般社会新思潮的。认为苏格拉底和孔子一样主张父子相隐的观点是对这些背景知识不熟悉而导致的误读。     

The role of linguistic labels in inductive generalization

What is the role of linguistic labels in inductive generalization? According to one approach labels denote categories and differ from object features, whereas according to another approach labels start out as features and may become category markers in the course of development. This issue was addressed in four experiments with 4- and 5-year-olds and adults. In Experiments 1 to 3, we replicated Yamauchi and Markman’s findings with adults (Journal of Memory and Language, 1998, Vol. 39, pp. 124–148, and Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2000, Vol. 26, pp. 776–795) and extended the paradigm to young children. In Experiment 4, we compared effects of labels with those of highly salient visual features. Overall, results of these experiments provide strong support for the idea that early in development labels function the same way as other features, but they may become category markers in the course of development. A related finding is that whereas categorization and induction may be different processes in adults, they seem to be equivalent in young children. These results are discussed with respect to theories of development of inductive generalization.     

近10年中国飞行员心理健康状况的元分析

[摘要] 目的：探讨近10年中国飞行员的心理健康状况。方法：搜索2001-2010年10年间所有用SCL-90量表研究中国飞行员心理健康的文献,对符合要求的文献用元分析和横断历史研究的方法进行重新处理和分析。结果：（1）2000年到2001年飞行员SCL-90得分增加,2001-2009年飞行员SCL-90数据呈U型曲线,05年得数最低,09年得分最高,其中人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖四个因子的分数在这十年中的变化显著;（2）SCL-90各因子的平均效果量在-0.27到-0.46之间。其中“躯体化”、“抑郁”、“焦虑”“恐怖”四个因子与一般成人常模差异不显著,其余五个因子均与常模差异显著,且分数要低于常模;（3）民航飞行员SCL-90的各个因子得分要低于军事飞行员,但未达到显著性水平。     

当代中国大众传媒的伦理向度

当代中国,大众传媒处在一个经济市场化、政治民主化、价值多元化的境遇中,这种生存境遇导致了大众传媒及其实践活动存在着不容忽视的伦理问题,主要表现为道义与功利的冲突、自由与责任的冲突、价值取向多元化与价值导向一元化的冲突、世俗性与超越性的冲突。要促进大众传媒的健康发展,就必须坚持道义与功利的统一、自由与责任的统一、价值取向多元化与价值导向一元化的统一、世俗性与超越性的统一四重伦理向度。     

罗尔斯的公共理性理论及其与正义理论的关系

公共理性是罗尔斯在完善其正义理论的过程中提出的重要理念,但它并不是一个前后一致的理论,它只是在本初意图上是罗尔斯正义理论的组成部分,后来逐渐演变成具有相对独立性的理论形态。罗尔斯之所以将公共理性理论脱离原有的正义理论,在于其正义理论的失败。     

Taiwanese members' report of verbal interactions and their relations to demographic variables in the group counseling process

The purpose was to examine differences in verbal interactions during the group counseling process and the relationship between perceived verbal interactions and members' demographic variables. 42 participants were recruited and randomly assigned to one of four counseling groups. Based on the Hill Interaction Matrix, Quadrant 4 verbal interactions, consisting of Speculative and Confrontative verbal behaviors in Personal and Relationship levels, were perceived significantly more often at the closing stage than at the initial stage. Furthermore, the perceived verbal interactions were related to the demographic variables of sex, educational level, and group experience, but not acquaintanceship. The findings suggested that the higher ratings of perceived Speculative and Confrontative verbal behaviors and the lower ratings of Assertive and Silence verbal interactions must be interpreted cautiously from a cross-cultural perspective, especially in Asian cultures.