新西兰华人移民基督徒宗教应对的心理测量特性

本研究评估简版宗教应对(Religious Coping)量表(Brief-RCOPE,B-RCOPE)汉化版在151名新西兰华人移民基督徒中的信度与效度。探索性因子分析提取积极宗教应对(PRC)、消极宗教应对(NRC)两个因子,PRC、NRC及整体Cronbach’s α系数分别为0.859、0.746以及0.757;第7个、第13个项目因子载荷偏低;PRC与心理韧性显著正相关,NRC与生活满意度显著负相关,问卷实证效度较好。汉化B-RCOPE适用于华人基督徒群体。条目7和13需要更大样本做进一步研究。     

学习张岱年先生的人品与学问

张岱年先生认真地对待外地一位普通青年的普通信件,仔细填写有关表格。于细微处见精神,由此可知张先生真诚朴实的为人。张先生是最早最具有文化自觉与自信的大家。当年在文化热中,他关于国民性之优根性和民族精神的演讲与文章,影响很大。他重视传统价值观的研究,一方面肯定儒家优长,强调道德人格、仁义价值的创造转化,另一方面又批评儒家的局限,倡导义与利、德与力的辩证统一。他认为,传统思维方式的优点在于辩证思维,缺点是分析方法薄弱,应对传统辩证思维予以提高与改进,致力于辩证思维的条理化与分析思维的精密化。张先生有关价值观与思维方式的研究,意在变革与转换,是对改革开放初期的哲学问题与方法的回应。在个案研究上,张先生重视王船山与熊十力。他抓住王船山哲学的主脉及其特殊贡献处,予以创造性解读,并与他自己的哲学主张和系统,相互衬托、照映。他肯定熊十力阐发宇宙人生“生生不息变化不竭之真机”,健动、去故取新、自强不息,是其哲学的主要贡献。     

A business frame perspective on why perceptions of top management's bottom-line mentality result in employees’ good and bad behaviors

Emerging research suggests that bottom-line mentalities (BLMs) (i.e., a sole focus on bottom-line outcomes to the exclusion of other considerations) can have dysfunctional consequences within the workplace. However, research has yet to consider how and why BLMs may result in both beneficial and dysfunctional organizational outcomes. In the present research, we examine employees’ perceptions of top management's BLM as a type of business frame that results in two cognitive states. Under the influence of this business frame, employees may adopt a mental preoccupation with work (i.e., a state of ongoing work-related cognitions) that propels beneficial employee outcomes by reducing customer incivility and enhancing customer service performance. Yet, also in response to top management's high BLM as a business frame, employees may adopt self-interest cognitions (i.e., a cognitive state of self-interest) that instigate customer-directed unethical conduct. Across two field studies, we found general support for our hypotheses. Taken together, our findings suggest that perceptions of top management's high BLM can be a mixed blessing in that it may drive employees to adopt focused work efforts (mental preoccupation with work), but also self-interest cognitions, with each cognitive state predicting beneficial or dysfunctional behaviors. We discuss the implications of these findings and directions for future research.     

学习环境、成就目标定向对学业情绪和学业成就的影响:基于物理学科的研究

以733名中学生为被试,采用结构方程模型对物理环境目标结构、成就目标定向、物理学业情绪及物理学业成就的关系建构模型.结果发现:(1)物理环境掌握目标结构对积极高唤醒、积极低唤醒和消极高唤醒学业情绪皆有显著积极预测作用,而物理环境表现目标结构则只对消极高唤醒和消极低唤醒物理学业情绪有显著积极预测作用;(2)通过成就目标定向中介对物理学业情绪的影响效果,物理学业情绪在成就目标和物理学业成就之间起中介作用,但影响模式不同;(3)研究结果支持学业情绪控制-价值扩展模型.     

Big-five personality and BIS/BAS traits as predictors of career exploration: The mediation role of career adaptability

Based on career construction theory, the current research examined whether career adaptability mediates the relations of the personality traits (Five-Factor Model personality traits and behavioral inhibition and activation systems (BIS/BAS)) to career exploration behavior. Results from a survey in Chinese university students (N = 264) showed that career exploration correlated negatively with neuroticism, and positively with openness to experience, extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and BAS. Results of regression analyses further showed that openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness and BAS served as the strongest predictors for career exploration. In addition, career adaptability was shown to be a key mediator for the relationships between personality traits and career exploration behavior. Career concern and career curiosity were the more important dimensions in the mediation model. These findings advance current understandings on how different personality traits predict career exploration behavior.     

An ERP study of inhibition of non-target languages in trilingual word production

The present study examined the locus where inhibition of non-target languages is exerted during trilingual word production by analyzing the cue-locked and stimulus-locked ERPs respectively in the n-2 language repetition paradigm. During the experiment, Uighur–Chinese–English trilinguals overtly named Arabic digits in one of their three languages according to a visually presented cue while their behavioral and electrophysiological responses were recorded. The behavioral data revealed insignificant n-2 repetition costs. Cue-locked ERPs revealed also only tiny or marginally significant n-2 repetition effects over some midline electrodes. The stimulus-locked ERP data showed a more negative ERP component elicited by the n-2 repetition trials than the n-2 non-repetition trials around 250 ms after stimulus onset, but no significant difference in this ERP effect between different languages was found. The results indicate that inhibition of non-target languages occurs at the lemma selection phase rather than the language task schemas phase during trilingual language production.     

Microstructural characterization and high-temperature strength of hot-pressed silicon nitride ceramics with Lu2O3 additives

The microstructures of two hot-pressed Si₃N₄ ceramics, with 3.33 and 12.51 wt% Lu₂O₃ additive, have been characterized using transmission electron microscopy. The microstructures of both samples consisted of elongated β-Si₃N₄ grains and a secondary phase, contained in pockets surrounded by the grains, with a crystalline or amorphous form. In the 3.33 wt% Lu₂O₃-containing Si₃N₄ ceramic, all the multiple-grain junctions were completely crystalline while, in the 12.51 wt% Lu₂O₃-containing Si₃N₄ ceramic, approximately half the junctions were devitrified. A thin intergranular amorphous film present between the two-grain boundary was common; however, a film-free grain boundary was observed in the 12.51 wt% Lu₂O₃ sample. The film-free grain boundary was determined to be approximately 35%. Both ceramics fractured in four-point flexure between 1200 and 1600°C. Their high-temperature strength is closely associated with the nature of the grain-boundary phase formed during the sintering process.     

On the orientation relationship between a2 precipitates and the B2 phase in a Ti-47at.%Al-2at.%W-0.5at.%Si alloy

An k -phase Mn-Al-C single crystal was grown and annealed to obtain an intermediate stage of the k M transformation. The crystal was analysed by transmission electron microscopy, and direct evidence for the operation of the shear mode was obtained. The transformation occurs in two steps from the hcp structure ( k ) over the orthorhombic structure ( k ' phase) to the tetragonal phase. The study reveals the morphologies of k ' and , the necessity for reordering during the second transformation step ( k ' M ) which is not a purely martensitic transformation, and the selection of variants which is controlled by stresses through the selection of one k ' variant.     

Formation of ductile Al-based metallic glasses without rare-earth elements

Al₇₅Cu₁₇Mg₈ is a eutectic composition according to the ternary phase diagram, which can be quenched into a fully amorphous phase by adding 2-8at.% Ni, but the addition of a similar percentage of Gd failed to form the amorphous phase. The amorphous alloys obtained exhibit two broad diffuse peaks in the X-ray diffraction curves and, correspondingly, two halo rings in the electron diffraction patterns, implying that two types of local atom configuration exist. Thermal analysis of the amorphous alloys indicates that the primary crystallization peak shifts to higher temperatures with increasing Ni content. The occurrence of a nucleation and crystal growth peak during isothermal crystallization reveals the amorphous nature of the quenched ribbon alloys. The quenched amorphous ribbons do not break after bending by 180°. Mechanical testing yielded a tensile strength of 810MPa for (Al₇₅Cu₁₇Mg₈)₉₅Ni₅, and a vein structure, characteristic of amorphous fracture, is apparent in scanning electron micrographs. The different effects of Ni and Gd on the glass formation indicate that the large atomic size of Gd is not critical to the glass formation.     

Dislocation evolution in twins of cyclically deformed copper

The evolution of dislocation structure in twins of different thicknesses has been investigated in polycrystalline copper fatigued at room temperature under constant plastic axial strain amplitude control. The dislocation structure and its evolution strongly depend on twin thickness. Three critical thicknesses must be distinguished, i.e. (i) characteristic size of fatigue dislocation structures, about 1?µm; (ii) critical height of stable dislocation wall structure, about 200?nm; (iii) critical spacing of dislocation dipole, about 20?nm. It is considered that the size effect is mainly caused by twin boundaries (TBs) which play different roles on slip behaviors in twins.