试析现代西方心理学的文化转向

西方心理学正在展现出对文化影响日渐增加的关注。这种文化转向既有科学哲学和历史的原因,也受到世界范围内心理学本土化运动的影响。文化转向的主要表现是：(1)对心理学自然科学模式的反思与诘难;(2)多元文化心理学的兴起;(3)跨文化心理学面临的批评及其转变;(4)认知心理学、发展心理学和健康心理学等分支领域对文化影响的关注。作者认为,文化的转向对于西方心理学的发展具有积极的意义。     

遮挡范式下对碰撞时间的估计

本文研究视觉信息对碰撞时间估计的影响。实验采用遮挡范式（ｏｃｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ ｐａｒａｄｉｇｍ）,遮挡一段固定的距离,让被试估计该段距离所用的时间。自变量为移动速度与挡板的宽度。过程：让被试看速度知觉仪上移动的红灯,估计碰撞发生时按下电键。结果表明,移动速度对时间估计的准确性影响显著,速度越大,估计准确性越高;移动速度还与挡板宽度存在交互作用,即速度快、挡板宽度时碰撞时间的估计更准确,而速度慢、挡板     

翻译不确定性与对意义的否定

一般认为,如果翻译不确定性确实存在,则传统意义概念的合法性就受到威胁,且意义本身的存在就受到质疑。本文作者认为,这个结论能否成立,依赖于能否在不使用直观意义或直观意义概念的前提下,仅用行为主义所允许的资源来说明,用于描述翻译不确定性的不同翻译手册之间确有语义内容上的实质不同。我怀疑奎因的理论能够提供所要求的这个说明。此时,可能翻译不确定性只是行为主义认识论的结果,而不是意义不存在的形而上学的结果。     

小学生人格类型及发展特点研究

该文在以往中国儿童人格结构研究基础上,以问卷调查(N=1316)方式,将层次聚类和迭代聚类两种方法结合起来,同时采用理论分析等方法最终确定我国小学生的人格类型包括认可型、矛盾型、拒绝型及中间型四类。其中认可型属积极人格类型,矛盾型和拒绝型属消极人格类型。研究表明,认可型女孩的人数比重明显高于男孩,而拒绝型男孩的人数比重明显高于女孩。此外,矛盾型女孩的人数比重较明显地高于男孩。     

Self Addressed Questions and Filled Pauses: A Cross-linguistic Investigation

There is an ongoing debate whether phenomena of disfluency (such as filled pauses) are produced communicatively. Clark and Fox Tree (Cognition 84(1):73–111, 2002) propose that filled pauses are words, and that different forms signal different lengths of delay. This paper evaluates this Filler-As-Words hypothesis by analyzing the distribution of self-addressed-questions or SAQs (such as “what’s the word”) in relation to filled pauses. We found that SAQs address different problems in different languages (most frequently about memory-retrieval in English and Chinese, and about appropriateness in Japanese). In relation to filled pauses, British but not American English uses “um” to signal a more severe problem than “uh”. Chinese uses different filled pauses to signal the syntactic category of the problem constituent. Japanese uses different filled pauses to signal levels of interaction with the interlocuter. Overall, our data supports the Filler-As-Words hypothesis that filled pauses are used communicatively. However, the dimensions of its meanings vary across languages and dialects.     

经济学与心理学实验的差异及其借鉴意义

经济学与心理学实验在报酬给付、实验情境、欺骗被试和数据分析四个方面存在差异 ,本文分析了导致这些差异的原因和心理学家可以从经济学实验的这些不同做法中得到的启示.     

组织咨询心理学的三种取向及其比较研究

基于不同的理论预设和方法学路线,组织咨询心理学领域形成了三种代表性的研究取向,即经验实证取向、临床治疗学取向以及实践-知识创生取向.文章在系统阐述三种取向基本观点的基础上,就组织观、研究方法、实践特征等同题对三者加以分析比较,并指出了各取向所面I临的挑战.     

A sensory integration therapy program on sensory problems for children with autism

The study was planned to investigate the effect of a sensory integration therapy program on sensory problems of children with autism. This study was conducted at the Trakya University Training and Research Center for Mentally and Physically Handicapped Children in Turkey. The children were separated into two groups, each comprising 15 children between 7 and 11 years of age with autism, according to DSM-IV criteria. The children in each group were assessed initially on a checklist, Sensory Evaluation Form for Children with Autism, developed to evaluate sensory characteristics of children with autism, and at the end of the study, participants were assessed again on the checklist. Statistically significant differences between groups indicated that the sensory integration therapy program positively affected treated children.     

聋生听力状况与读写成绩及认知能力关系的实验研究

为了研究聋生听力状况与其读写成绩及认知能力的关系,本文以聋校中年级学生为对象,采用实验的方法进行研究.结果表明:从总体上讲,聋生的听力损失、补偿情况与其读写成绩及认知能力之间均不存在显著的正相关.聋生认知、读写能力的差异,并不能由其听力损失、听力补偿情况进行简单的回归预测.研究建议:聋校老师在对聋生进行教育的时候,不要带着偏见去看待中重度听力残疾的聋生,要采取有效方法,来提高他们的认知能力和读写成绩.