足月胎儿对声音刺激反应的探讨

通过观察声音刺激引起胎儿产生的胎动和胎心率反应,初步探讨声音刺激能否引起胎儿的感觉和相应的反射机制。选择正常足月孕妇94例,分别接受95、100、105、110、115分贝的声音刺激,观察胎儿的胎动和胎心率反应。95分贝声音能引起胎心率轻度下降且不引起胎动,而声强在100分贝以上的声音刺激能引起胎心率加速并伴有胎动,提示95分贝声音可以引起胎儿的定向反射,和胎儿的选择性的注意有关;而100~115分贝的声音能引起胎儿的防卫反应。婴儿与生俱来的无条件反射在胎儿期就已存在。     

The effect of brand anthropomorphism,brand distinctiveness,and warmth on brand attitude: A mediated moderation model

Brand anthropomorphism is one of the most widely used marketing strategies, and numerous studies have confirmed the positive effect of anthropomorphism on consumers' brand attitude. However, anthropomorphism does not always produce positive effects in particular conditions. This study focuses on the interaction effect of brand anthropomorphism and brand distinctiveness on brand attitude and tests the mediating effect of warmth and competence using the Stereotype Content Model. The results of two experiments show that brand anthropomorphism positively predicts consumers' brand attitude, and brand position (distinctiveness vs. popularity) moderates this relationship. Anthropomorphism may improve consumers' attitudes when the brand is positioned to be popular but has no effect on consumers' attitudes when the brand is positioned to be distinctive. Additionally, warmth (not competence) mediates the interaction effect of anthropomorphism and brand position on brand attitude. This study expands the extant knowledge on anthropomorphism and stereotypes in the field of consumption psychology and provides marketers with more rational strategies when applying anthropomorphism in marketing campaigns.     

Subjective family socio-economic status,school social capital,and positive youth development among young adolescents in China: A multiple mediation model

Previous research has demonstrated that subjective socio-economic status (SES) and school social capital are associated with a wide range of socio-emotional outcomes for children. Less is known about whether subjective SES is linked to overall child development and whether school social capital is a mediator in developing countries. The current study aimed to examine the association between subjective SES and positive youth development (PYD) among young adolescents in China, explore whether student–teacher relationships and student–student relationships mediated this association, and test whether there were gender differences in these associations. The analytical sample included a total of 1011 seventh-graders (mean age = 13.24, SD = .69; 53.70% boys) recruited from Beijing and Anhui Provinces. The results showed that subjective SES was positively and significantly associated with PYD and that student–teacher relationships and student–student relationships played independent and joint mediating roles in the link between the two constructs. In addition, girls benefited more than boys from having closer relationships with teachers. Our findings highlight the importance of promoting school social capital in reducing PYD disparities across subjective SES levels, and suggest that school should be an effective venue for interventions to promote PYD among young adolescents in China.     

Do higher-class individuals feel more entitled? The role of system-justifying belief

ABSTRACT

Sense of entitlement can be defined as a pervasive sense that one deserves more and is entitled to more than others. Two studies examined the relationship between social class and sense of entitlement and how this relationship is moderated by system-justifying belief (SJB) in China. In Study 1, we conducted a survey among adults (N = 669) with results showing that social class was positively correlated with sense of entitlement for those endorsing SJB, but negatively correlated with sense of entitlement for those opposing SJB. In Study 2, we conducted an experiment among undergraduates (N = 128) with both social class and SJB being primed and the results replicated the pattern: the positive effect of primed higher social class on pay entitlement existed only for those primed with high SJB, and was dampened for those primed with low SJB. Therefore, higher-class individuals do not necessarily feel more entitled, and SJB may play an important role in shaping their sense of entitlement.     

感觉运动模拟隐喻理论的形成与发展

感觉运动模拟理论属于概念隐喻理论范畴,是经典概念隐喻理论的最新发展。感觉运动模拟隐喻理论认为概念隐喻的具身效应并不一定要建立在以往的经验之上,与感觉运动信息无关的抽象概念通过快速学习建立的隐喻也具有了具身效应,没有以往经验为基础的抽象概念也能引起感觉运动的模拟。除了感觉运动模拟隐喻理论的主要观点之外,文章还介绍了该理论的形成与发展的过程。并通过与经典概念隐喻理论的对比,提出感觉运动模拟隐喻理论存在的优势与局限性     

当代大学生对邪教的认识——新疆高校大学生对“宗教与邪教关系”认识的调查

本文通过对新疆高校各民族、各学科以及各年级大学生对宗教与邪教关系认识的I调查,认为要提高各族大学生辨别和抵制邪教的能力,必须要把马克思主义宗教观(包括l科学无神论)教育与反邪教教育有机结合起来,把普及科学知识与科学精神的培养有机结I合起来,这样才能进一步提高反邪教警示教育的针对性和实效性.     

南岳夫人魏华存新考

上清经派祖师魏华存,是六朝道教史研究中不可回避的人物。本文利用新出墓志及零散史料论证了魏华存其人的历史真实性及《紫虚元君南岳夫人内传》所记史事的可信度,辨析了《内传》文本的舛异之处,并从道教史的角度对南京象山王彬家族墓葬出土的考古材料作了分析。     

未来中国马克思主义哲学

中国马克思主义哲学研究的未来走向,与过去和现在的研究现状密切相关,必然受多种因素的制约,主要是:马克思主义哲学中国化的传统、时代与时代主题、中国现代化建设的历史进程、世界性的哲学交流与对话等等。论文就相关问题,如哲学与政治、学术性与现实性、理论与实践、哲学与群众、主流学派与非主流学派、革命家与哲学家、哲学研究方式与实证研究方式等进行讨论。论文的结论:中国化的马克思主义研究将仍然是主流,过去哲学研究那种大一统的局面将不复存在,多样性的研究、主流学派与非主流学派并存,在建设中国特色的社会主义中,各种研究路径互相竞争、互相切磋、互相促进,未来中国马克思主义哲学研究将会出现前所未有的繁荣     

高中生文理分科刻板印象的实验研究

采用2×4×2的重复测量的实验设计,探讨了性别是否会引起对于文理分科期望的刻板化加工以及刻板印象的意识性抑制问题,同时验证目前占主导地位的对范畴信息信任的减弱会增强对个体化信息的信赖这一假说。结果表明:(1)性别刻板印象会影响对文理科这种社会范畴的判断;(2)刻板印象比较顽固,较难受到意识性的抑制;(3)与刻板化信息完全相反的个体化信息的作用大于刻板化信息的作用,对刻板化信息的作用产生了一定的抑制,但无法完全抑制;(4)刻板印象与个体化信息的加工通路是平行的,同时它们彼此之间也是相互联系和限制的。     

初中生友谊认知的类型特点

本研究在已有理论及开放式问卷基础上首先确定友谊认知的初步结构,采用探索性因素分析调整结构并筛选题目,最终确定友谊认知问卷的4个维度。验证性因素分析表明,自编的友谊认知问卷具有较好的结构效度,其他各项信效度指标也均达到心理测量学的要求。另外,聚类分析表明可以把初中生的友谊认知划分为重情感-重兴趣、重情感-轻兴趣和情感淡漠-轻兴趣3种类型。