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121.
ABSTRACT Drawing from the implicit theories framework of Dweck (1986) , we propose a new construct called Group Entity Belief (GEB), which is an individual difference construct reflecting the extent to which social identities are perceived as fixed and lasting aspects of the self. In this research, we tested the overarching hypothesis that high GEB is associated with stronger social identity effects. First, we examined the relationships between GEB and classic group-related variables such as collective self-esteem, commitment, and social identification. Second, we tested how much GEB predicts group-related outcome variables. Finally, we examined how GEB is associated with variables pertaining to past in-groups. These findings provide valuable insights into the psychological nature of GEB. 相似文献
122.
本研究以90名学习障碍儿童和90名一般儿童为对象,采用表情图片和情境故事法, 探讨学习障碍儿童情绪理解特点.研究发现,学习障碍儿童在情绪理解方面存在一定缺陷,具体表现为:(1)表情识别能力差;(2)自我意识情绪识别水平低下;(3)混合情绪识别较差;(4)情绪原因理解落后;(5)情绪隐藏理解较差;(6)情绪改变理解水平低下. 相似文献
123.
吴彤 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2008,3(3):424-437
With the recent rise of the philosophy of scientific practices, SSK (Sociology of Scientific Knowledge), and feminist approaches
to the philosophy of science, a new perspective is gradually coming into being, holding that the starting point for scientific
research is opportunity. Opportunistic features in solar neutrino experiments, Opportunistic features of complexity studies
emerging from economics, and the measurement of insects’ flight can prove the above perspective from different angels. It
is important and significant to determine whether the starting point for scientific research is opportunity, a problem, or
an observation.
Translated by Tian Xiaofei from Zhexue Yanjiu 哲学研究 (Philosophical Research), 2007, (1): 98–104 相似文献
124.
125.
共情特质的神经生物学基础 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
共情特质的个体差异是心理学研究领域中的一个重要主题。近些年来, 研究者开始关注导致人们共情能力高低有别的神经生物学基础问题。研究发现, 不论是情感共情特质还是认知共情特质, 其个体差异均在大脑进行共情反应、脑结构态及静息态功能连接上有所体现。它们共同说明, 人们的共情能力与其具身模仿能力, 情感加工能力及情绪理解能力密切相关。不仅如此, 共情特质也具有高度的可遗传性, 一些基因类型与该能力存在着紧密的关系。在今后的研究中, 需要扩展对共情特质结构的进一步认识, 关注环境和基因在影响共情特质上存在的交互作用, 并努力将理论研究成果应用于共情能力训练和提高的临床实践中。 相似文献
126.
对390名小学4-6年级儿童及其父母进行问卷调查,考察父母婚姻满意度对儿童心理适应性的影响,以及成人依恋、父母情绪表达和亲子依恋的多重中介作用。结果表明:父亲(母亲)婚姻满意度分别通过6条途径影响儿童心理适应性:(1)父亲(母亲)婚姻满意度通过父亲回避,父亲积极情绪表达,父子依恋安全性影响儿童心理适应性;(2)父亲(母亲)婚姻满意度通过父亲回避,母亲积极情绪表达,母子依恋安全性影响儿童心理适应性;(3)父亲(母亲)婚姻满意度通过母亲回避,父亲积极情绪表达,父子依恋安全性影响儿童心理适应性;(4)父亲(母亲)婚姻满意度通过母亲回避,父子依恋安全性影响儿童心理适应性;(5)父亲(母亲)婚姻满意度通过母亲回避,母子依恋安全性影响儿童心理适应性;(6)父亲(母亲)婚姻满意度通过母亲回避,母亲积极情绪表达,母子依恋安全性影响儿童心理适应性。 相似文献
127.
Can people evaluate phenomenal qualities of internally generated experiences, such as whether a mental image is vivid or detailed? This question exemplifies a problem of metacognition: How well do people know their own thoughts? In the study reported here, participants were instructed to imagine a specific visual pattern and rate its vividness, after which they were presented with an ambiguous rivalry display that consisted of the previously imagined pattern plus an orthogonal pattern. On individual trials, higher ratings of vividness predicted a greater likelihood that the imagined pattern would appear dominant when the participant was subsequently presented with the binocular rivalry display. Off-line self-report questionnaires measuring imagery vividness also predicted individual differences in the strength of imagery bias over the entire study. Perceptual bias due to mental imagery could not be attributed to demand characteristics, as no bias was observed on catch-trial presentations of mock rivalry displays. Our findings provide novel evidence that people have a good metacognitive understanding of their own mental imagery and can reliably evaluate the vividness of single episodes of imagination. 相似文献
128.
Questions about origins of human warfare continue to generate interesting theories with little empirical evidence. One of the proposed explanations is sexual selection theory. Within and supportive of this theoretical framework, the authors demonstrate a mating-warring association among young heterosexual men in four experiments. Male, but not female, participants exposed to attractive, as compared to unattractive, opposite-sex photographs were significantly more likely to endorse war-supporting statements on a questionnaire. The same mating effect was not found in answering trade conflict questions. Male participants primed by attractive faces or legs of young women were significantly faster in responding to images or words of war than those primed by unattractive faces or national flags. The same mating effect was not found in responding to farming concepts or general aggression expressions. Results underscore the link between mating and war, supporting the view that sexual selection provides an ultimate explanation for the origins of human warfare. 相似文献
129.
This study was designed to examine the qualities of online friendships with different gender compositions that had been maintained for varying periods of time. A total of 167 Hong Kong Internet-users rated the qualities of their same-sex and cross-sex online friendships on measures such as intimacy, trust, self-disclosure, and relational satisfaction. A 2 (gender of respondents: male vs. female) x 2 (gender of online friends: same-sex vs. opposite-sex) x 3 (duration of friendships: less than 1 year vs. 1-2 years vs. more than 2 years) factorial design was adopted. MANOVA results reveal the three-way interaction effect on intimacy, trust, and relational satisfaction. Specifically, the qualities of male-female, female-male, and female-female online friendships were generally higher for those with a longer duration than those at the early stage of friendship development. However, the qualities of male-male friendships that had been maintained for more than 2 years were lower than those maintained for 2 years or less. These findings suggest that qualities of online friendships are subject to effects of gender composition and duration. The conceptual implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
130.
Shijun Tong 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2006,1(2):295-316
As a result of a new understanding of the relation between theory and practice, the “New Frankfurt School,” with Jürgen Habermas
as its major representative, highly values the philosophical tradition of American pragmatism, in contrast to the first generation
Critical Theorists represented by Max Horkheimer. In Habermas, the idea of “critique” is, both substantially and methodologically,
closely connected with the idea of “praxis” in the following senses: communicative action, rational argumentation, public
discussion and political culture. “Critique” is thus found to be immanent in “praxis”; or, a la Horkheimer, pragmatism turns out to be a “critical philosophical analysis” without “falling back upon objective reason and mythology.”
__________
Translated from Huadong Shifan Daxue Xuebao 华东示范大学学报 (Journal of Huadong Normal University), 2001 (5), with minor modifications 相似文献