Interaction between endogenous and exogenous orienting in crossmodal attention

Using a cue-target paradigm, we investigated the interaction between endogenous and exogenous orienting in cross-modal attention. A peripheral (exogenous) cue was presented after a central (endogenous) cue with a variable time interval. The endogenous and exogenous cues were presented in one sensory modality (auditory in Experiment 1 and visual in Experiment 2) whereas the target was presented in another modality. Both experiments showed a significant endogenous cuing effect (longer reaction times in the invalid condition than in the valid condition). However, exogenous cuing produced a facilitatory effect in both experiments in response to the target when endogenous cuing was valid, but it elicited a facilitatory effect in Experiment 1 and an inhibitory effect in Experiment 2 when endogenous cuing was invalid. These findings indicate that endogenous and exogenous cuing can co-operate in orienting attention to the crossmodal target. Moreover, the interaction between endogenous and exogenous orienting of attention is modulated by the modality between the cue and the target.     

从麻木到复苏——对医学人文关怀的关注与期待

中国医学的人文关怀有着深厚的传统根基,只是到了市场经济发展的新阶段,随着经济发展的不平衡、人口的增长,客观上造就了医疗功能的利益驱动,使得医学的人文关怀退居麻木境地,因此必须扬人性化、温情化之长,避技术化、商业化之短,以多样化的人文关怀改善医患关系,为和谐社会营造健康氛围。     

关于我国临终关怀发展策略的思考

随着人口的老龄化,疾病谱和死因顺位的改变,恶性肿瘤等慢性疾病的患病过程和死亡过程明显延长,加上晚期恶性肿瘤患者昂贵的医疗费用与低质量的生存状态,这些都使得临终关怀成为一种迫切的需求.为此探讨我国临终关怀服务存在的主要问题和对策.     

气短——多种疾病的信号

生活中不利健康的因素很多,人们把这些因素称为“催老剂”。铝生活中人们使用的铝制品,如盘、铲、锅、勺等含有大量的铝元素。人体摄取过多的铝,会直接破坏人体神经细胞内遗传物脱氧核酸的功能,不仅使     

视觉诱发电位与老年人智力和记忆力相关性研究的多因素逐步回归分析

以年龄在55—79岁的正常人(男40人,女34人,平均年龄64.34±5.67岁)为被试,做视觉诱发电位(VEP),并测试韦氏智力测验的11项分值及智力商数、临床记忆测验的5项分测验及记忆商数、测量血压和头颅CT的脑萎缩程度,根据眼底动脉硬化表现和神经体征确定脑动脉硬化的程度.将上述资料数字化输入计算机进行多因素逐步回归分析。结果表明,智力和记忆力分别与视觉诱发电位的某些指标变量有关,与脑动脉硬化程度有关,与收缩压相关性较大,与舒张压相关性不大,与生理性脑萎缩程度关系不大。还探讨了推测老年人智力和记忆力的计算公式。     

Filial Obligations and Expectations in China: Current Views from Young and Old People in Beijing

This study examines how 90 university students and 77 old people in Beijing view filial piety in Chinese society now. The results show that old people continue to hold high filial expectations for young people and that young people still endorse strongly filial obligations for old people. Obedience received the lowest rating while respect received the highest rating. "Looking after the aged parents" and "assisting them financially" are the top filial concerns for young males whereas "retaining contact with the elders" is the top filial concern for young females. "Respecting elders but necessarily obeying them" appears to be a new cultural protocol for fulfilling filial obligations in Chinese societies now.     

冲突控制的神经机制

人类认知系统的一个重要特征是它能根据知觉选择、反应偏向以及实时更新的情境信息调节自身以适应特定的任务,使这种适应性得以实现的认知过程就是认知控制。该文简述了冲突控制的界定、实验范式、冲突的种类等方面,尤其详细介绍了冲突控制神经机制研究的最新进展,并对进一步的研究提出展望。     

《管子》与《礼记·月令》科学思想之比较

从科学思想的角度,对《管子》与《礼记·月令》的阴阳五行说、物候思想、农时思想和生态思想进行比较可以看出,二者由许多共同之处,这可以为所谓“《月令》出于《管子》”提供重要证据。     

临床心理干预对白血病患者生存质量影响研究

本研究按随机和匹配的原则,将64名白血病患者分入干预组和对照组。对于干预组进行了为期1 5天的临床心理干预,对照组仅接受相应的医学治疗和护理。以欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织编制的肿瘤患者生存质量量表(EORTCQLQ -C30 )为指标,观察临床心理干预对白血病患者生存质量的影响。结果发现,与对照组相比,干预组患者生存质量显著改善     

齐国陶瓷工艺与造型装饰特色

齐国的陶瓷是齐文化的重要组成部分,在中国陶瓷发展史上占有重要地位。由先齐地区大汶口文化的白陶、龙山文化的黑陶、特别是极具地域特征的齐国日常生活类陶器与各种反映社会现实生活的艺术品、建筑陶构件等,都充分体现出豪放与沉稳的双重造型特色以及丰富多彩的装饰艺术风格。这不仅构成了齐国独特的陶瓷文化体系,也对丰富和发展我国传统陶瓷文化起了重要作用,并影响后世陶瓷发展长达数千年。