The selective impairment of the phonological output buffer: evidence from a Chinese patient

We present a Chinese-speaking patient, SJ, who makes phonological errors across all tasks involving oral production. Detailed analyses of the errors across different tasks reveal that the patterns are very similar for reading, oral picture naming, and repetition tasks, which are also comparable to the error patterns of the phonological buffer deficit cases reported in the literature. The nature of the errors invites us to conclude that the patient's phonological output buffer is selectively impaired. Different from previously reported cases, SJ's deficits in oral production tasks are not accompanied by a similar impairment of writing performance. We argue that this dissociation is evidence that the phonological output buffer is not involved in writing Chinese words. Furthermore, the majority of SJ's errors occur at the onset of a syllable, indicating that the buffer has a structure that makes the onset more prone to impairment.     

大学生解决四卡问题的叙述理由效应

本研究采用五种不同容的命题在两种不同实验条件之下,研究大学生解决四卡问题的困难原因及叙述理由的元认知调控作用。     

青年学生自我价值感量表的编制

自我价值感是一个多维度、多层次的心理结构,按其抽象程度的不同可分为总体自我价值感、一般自我价值感和特殊自我价值感．其中一般和特殊自我价值感又可区分为社会取向和个人取向两种类型。按照此种概念性架构并对重庆市598名大学生的测试后所作的因素分析,编制了具有较高信度和效度的自我价值量表。     

"模块心理学"的理论建构论纲

从“范式”的角度论证了“模块心理学”的基本理论框架。模块心理学假设模块是进化了的心理机制．人脑是可分解系统,认知是功能独立的单元相互作用的产物。其概念网络涉及模块的定义、构成标准、类型及模块间如何相互作用。其方法的核心是功能分解及分析性与整体性相结合。     

The relationship between the three components of commitment and employee performance in China

This study examined the relationship between the three components of organizational commitment and performance, defined as in-role performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), using a sample of 253 supervisor-subordinate dyads from the People’s Republic of China. Results showed that affective commitment (AC) related positively to in-role performance and OCB, while continuance commitment (CC) was not associated with in-role performance but negatively correlated with OCB. In addition, normative commitment (NC) moderated the relationship between AC and in-role performance as well as OCB. The linear relationship between AC and in-role performance/OCB was stronger for those with lower NC. Limitations of the study, directions for future research, and implications of the findings are discussed.     

汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的主要亚类型分析*

采用语音意识测验、语素意识测验、正字法意识测验和快速命名测验对发展性阅读障碍儿童和阅读水平匹配组儿童进行测验。采用标准差切分法对阅读障碍的主要亚类型进行分析。结果发现,具有语音意识缺陷的人数比例最大,其次是正字法意识缺陷。结论:汉语发展性阅读障碍的主要亚类型为语音意识缺陷和正字法意识缺陷,快速命名缺陷和语素意识缺陷在汉语阅读障碍儿童中存在,但只是次要缺陷。     

积极心理资本的结构、功能及干预研究述评*

积极心理资本自提出以来,便备受关注,它超越了人力资本和社会资本,是一种能够被有效开发和管理,并能够对个体的绩效产生重要影响的核心积极心理要素。在以往研究中,研究者提出了积极心理资本的四维结构说、三维结构说和多维结构说,并据此开发了相应的测量工具。在后果变量方面,主要探讨的是积极心理资本与工作态度、工作行为、工作绩效、幸福感等方面的关系。积极心理资本自身也是一个重要的中介与调节变量,而PCI干预模型可有效提高个体的心理资本水平。今后研究的重点包括研究对象与内容的拓宽、研究方法的改进与完善以及本土化和跨文化研究的加强等。     

Differences in nonshared individual, school, and family variables between delinquent and nondelinquent Hmong adolescents

The purpose of the current study was to determine whether there were differences between Hmong immigrant siblings on multiple nonshared individual, school, and family variables. Participants were 58 sibling pairs (29 delinquent pairs and 29 nondelinquent pairs), who ranged in age from 13 to 21 years. There were 11 pairs of boys, 3 pairs of girls, and 15 pairs of opposite-sex siblings. Results of a multivariate analysis of variance indicated that delinquent and nondelinquent sibling groups were significantly different in participation in organized activities, antisocial attitudes, delinquent behaviors, school truancy, school performance, and parents' labeling. The findings have implications for future research on sibling delinquency in Hmong immigrant families and for program development and delivery.     

独生子女对父母精神赡养的道德责任探析

子女在精神赡养上的道德责任,是关注、肯定老人的生命安全需求,爱或归属需求和尊重需求,井给予及时和必要的满足.独生子女时父母的精神赡养面临极其严峻的挑战,要求他们具有坚韧的道德意志和乐于牺牲的道德精神,同时要求政府、社会和组织提供特殊和必要的政策与服务支持.