Core structure of a〈100〉 superdislocations in a single-crystal superalloy during high-temperature and low-stress creep

A thorough TEM analysis has been carried out to study the dislocations cutting into γ′ phase in a single-crystal superalloy during uniaxial tensile creep under high-temperature and low-stress conditions. It is proved that the a〈100〉 edge superdislocation originates from the interfacial a〈100〉 dislocations and moves into the γ′ phase by pure climbing. And the dissociation of the a〈100〉 superdislocation core into two a/2〈101〉 superpartial dislocations during uniaxial tensile creep has been identified by HRTEM method for the first time.     

Prospective memory across adolescence: the effects of age and cue focality

The present study examined the role of controlled attention in age differences in event-based prospective memory performance across adolescence. The researchers tested whether presenting the prospective memory cue in or out of focal awareness of the ongoing task (resulting in low versus high demands for controlled attention, respectively) might affect age-related prospective memory performance. In total, 119 Chinese participants ages 13 to 20 took part in this study (60 adolescents: age M = 13.26 years, SD = 0.50; 23 boys; 59 young adults: age M = 19.70 years, SD = 0.87; 19 men). Findings demonstrated a significant interaction, F(1, 114) = 6.41, p < .05. No effect of age on prospective memory performance was revealed when a focal cue was used (F < 1), whereas there was a reliable age effect between adolescents and young adults when nonfocal prospective memory cues were presented, F(1, 59) = 16.13, p < .01. This pattern of results suggests that the interplay of both available resources of controlled attention and working memory, along with specific task demands, may contribute to possible age differences in prospective memory performance across adolescence. Results are discussed in the context of the multiprocess theory of prospective memory.     

情绪调节策略对日常生活事件与情绪体验关系影响的多层分析

运用经验抽样法对154名大学生的日常情绪体验、生活事件进行为期14天的追踪调查,通过多层线性模型（HLM）探讨日常生活事件与情绪体验的关系及情绪调节策略对二者关系的影响。结果表明：大学生积极情绪体验多于消极情绪体验。在个体内和个体间水平,消极事件都对积极情绪有显著的负向预测作用,对消极情绪有显著的正向预测作用;积极事件对积极情绪有显著的正向预测作用。积极事件对消极情绪的负向预测作用只在个体间水平显著。表达抑制这种情绪调节策略能够增强消极生活事件与消极情绪体验的关系。     

论道德敬畏及其在个体道德生成中的作用

道德敬畏是指人们对道德法则,对善的事物及其社会价值与根源的强烈的崇敬和畏惧的道德情感体验.在人类道德发展史上,人类的道德敬畏大致经历了无知型的道德敬畏、形而上的道德敬畏和理性自觉的道德敬畏三种形态.道德敬畏的指向主要有四种,即敬畏自然、敬畏上帝、敬畏生命和敬畏规则.道德敬畏的功能和作用主要体现在:它是个体道德意识产生的重要的情感因素,是道德信念的重要组成部分和激励道德行为的内在动力.     

全球化背景下福利国家危机与变革的再思考

福利国家危机与变革一直以来都是学术界关注的一个核心议题.然而,在全球化背景下如何重新认识并诠释福利国家危机论,如何看待福利国家作为一种制度设计所具有的内在性与弹性,学者们远未达成共识.本文从理论和经验资料两方面试图阐释福利国家危机论及其局限性,分析和认识了近20年来全球化背景下福利国家的变革和弹性.作者指出,新自由主义思潮影响了福利国家危机论的形成,研究者还需要时间和更为充分的经验资料来证明上述危机的原因以及各种影响因素的关联性,受意识形态主导和依赖片面的经济学的假设来判定福利国家的危机是不可取的.     

Factors affecting the success of Hmong college students in America

This study explores barriers and success factors of Hmong students in American colleges by interviewing five Hmong graduate students from refugee families in the US. Emerging themes revolve around academic, cultural and financial barriers. Professors, advisors, classmates, academic support programmes, family, financial aid and their own psychological resources were identified as supportive factors in addressing their academic, cultural and financial needs. Implications and recommendations are drawn on how college counsellors and other professionals may best assist Hmong college students.     

转型经济国家社会保护机制的建构:中国与波兰的比较研究

本文以中国和波兰为例,试图分析并阐释在社会变迁背景下转型经济国家社会保护机制建立和发展的制度逻辑.虽然中国与波兰两国的经济改革都导致了明显的社会分化,但是由于政治制度和经济发展外部约束条件的差异,在中国和波兰,政府针对社会中不同群体的利益诉求和市民社会的政治压力采取了不同的应对策略,这些策略明显影响了两国的社会政策模式.为减轻社会分化和不平等带来的冲击,中国在转型过程中社会保护机制形成是通过建立强调社会秩序稳定、"去政治化"(De-politicizing)的反应型社会政策与促进经济增长的发展型社会政策的双重方式来实现的,同时突出机制建立的自上而下的行政特征.而在波兰,由于受到了不同社会精英对社会问题的认知和市民社会的政治压力左右,以及国际外部环境与国际组织的影响,该国社会保护机制的形成则更多是通过政治协商与谈判的渠道来完成,其机制建立突出了民主参与和协商的因素.值得进一步指出的是,同中国长期推行经济发展优先的格局不同,波兰的政治制度的变化、"回归欧洲"的普遍社会预期和欧盟的外部制度约束,加快了其社会保护机制建立的制度化基础.