"模块心理学"的理论建构论纲

从“范式”的角度论证了“模块心理学”的基本理论框架。模块心理学假设模块是进化了的心理机制．人脑是可分解系统,认知是功能独立的单元相互作用的产物。其概念网络涉及模块的定义、构成标准、类型及模块间如何相互作用。其方法的核心是功能分解及分析性与整体性相结合。     

Quantity discrimination in fish species: fish use non-numerical continuous quantity traits to select shoals

Fish typically prefer to live in big shoals due to the associated ecological benefits. Shoaling is a behavior that depends on the ability to quantitatively discriminate. The fundamental mechanism involved in quantity discrimination determines whether fish can discriminate a shoal using numerical discrete cues (e.g., number of shoal members), non-numerical continuous traits (e.g., total body surface area) or both; however, the mechanism is currently a controversial topic. In the present study, we used a spontaneous choice experiment to test whether guppy (Poecilia reticulata), zebrafish (Danio rerio), Chinese crucian carp (Carassius auratus) and qingbo (Spinibarbus sinensis) rely on continuous (i.e., body surface area) or discrete (i.e., number of shoal members) information for shoal selection by altering the body surface area (cumulative body surface area ratio of 3:2 or 1:1) between two stimulus shoals with a different number of members (2 individuals vs 3 individuals). All four fish species preferred to shoal with the stimulus shoal with the larger cumulative surface area even if the shoal had fewer members; however, fish showed no shoal preference when the cumulative surface body areas of both stimulus shoals were equal. Furthermore, qingbo did not numerically discriminate between a shoal with 1 individual and a shoal with 3 individuals when the cumulative surface areas of both stimulus shoals were equal; however, qingbo showed a preference for the shoal with the larger cumulative surface area when the two stimulus shoals each had 3 individuals. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that all four fish species relied only on non-numerical continuous quantity information for shoal selection, at least under a difficult task (i.e., 2 vs 3).     

The relationship between the three components of commitment and employee performance in China

This study examined the relationship between the three components of organizational commitment and performance, defined as in-role performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), using a sample of 253 supervisor-subordinate dyads from the People’s Republic of China. Results showed that affective commitment (AC) related positively to in-role performance and OCB, while continuance commitment (CC) was not associated with in-role performance but negatively correlated with OCB. In addition, normative commitment (NC) moderated the relationship between AC and in-role performance as well as OCB. The linear relationship between AC and in-role performance/OCB was stronger for those with lower NC. Limitations of the study, directions for future research, and implications of the findings are discussed.     

青年学生自我价值感量表的编制

自我价值感是一个多维度、多层次的心理结构,按其抽象程度的不同可分为总体自我价值感、一般自我价值感和特殊自我价值感．其中一般和特殊自我价值感又可区分为社会取向和个人取向两种类型。按照此种概念性架构并对重庆市598名大学生的测试后所作的因素分析,编制了具有较高信度和效度的自我价值量表。     

不同年级学生汉语阅读知觉广度的眼动研究

采用"呈现随眼动变化技术"对五年级、初二年级和高二年级学生汉语阅读的知觉广度进行发展研究.结果发现汉语阅读的知觉广度随阅读者年龄的提高而逐渐扩大;知觉广度具有不对称性,广度的右侧范围稍大于左侧范围,这种不对称性不随阅读者年龄的发展而变化;汉语阅读者的知觉广度稍大于他们的跟跳距离.     

刺激模拟量的空间表征:面积和亮度的类SNARC效应

在数字比较任务中的SNARC效应表明心理数字线具有空间上从左到右的方向性。本研究在两个实验中分别用面积和亮度作为比较刺激来探讨SNARC效应是否存在于面积比较任务和亮度比较任务中。实验结果显示,面积比较和亮度比较任务中存在类SNARC效应。     

再论葛洪的神仙思想

前此曾论述葛洪神仙思想的现代意义,①此再论想谈其历史意义。葛洪的神仙论在道教神仙这个核心信仰方面,有重要的历史和理论意义。主要讨论神仙问题的《抱朴子内篇》,对其以前的神仙思想,作了一次比较全面的总结,并有一     

Test of a mediation model of perceived organizational support

This study examined the mediating influence of trust in organization (TIO) and organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) on the relationship between perceived organization support (POS) and its work outcomes. Data were obtained from employee-supervisor dyads from multiple organizations located in a major city in southern China. Structural equation modeling results revealed that: (a) POS related to TIO and OBSE and (b) TIO and OBSE fully mediated the relationship between POS and the work outcomes of organizational commitment and in-role performance, but partially mediated the POS-organizational citizenship behavior relationship.     

“类心理学”与心理学的元理论建构——评车文博主编《中外心理学比较思想史》

车文博先生主编的《中外心理学比较思想史》通过＂四方＂文化比较,定义了心理学研究范式的意义,进而建立了一个公正的文化视角下的心理学元理论体系。该书更进一步以心理内容为线索,站在＂类心理学＂的高度描绘了中外心理学范式竞争与演进的历史：古代＂四方＂文化范式呈现相互竞争的态势;在欧洲的科学革命以后,分析理性哲学范式取得了绝对的统治地位。最后,该书中外心理学思想的交流是解决当前心理学范式困难的出路。     

转型经济国家社会保护机制的建构:中国与波兰的比较研究

本文以中国和波兰为例,试图分析并阐释在社会变迁背景下转型经济国家社会保护机制建立和发展的制度逻辑.虽然中国与波兰两国的经济改革都导致了明显的社会分化,但是由于政治制度和经济发展外部约束条件的差异,在中国和波兰,政府针对社会中不同群体的利益诉求和市民社会的政治压力采取了不同的应对策略,这些策略明显影响了两国的社会政策模式.为减轻社会分化和不平等带来的冲击,中国在转型过程中社会保护机制形成是通过建立强调社会秩序稳定、去政治化(De-politicizing)的反应型社会政策与促进经济增长的发展型社会政策的双重方式来实现的,同时突出机制建立的自上而下的行政特征.而在波兰,由于受到了不同社会精英对社会问题的认知和市民社会的政治压力左右,以及国际外部环境与国际组织的影响,该国社会保护机制的形成则更多是通过政治协商与谈判的渠道来完成,其机制建立突出了民主参与和协商的因素.值得进一步指出的是,同中国长期推行经济发展优先的格局不同,波兰的政治制度的变化、回归欧洲的普遍社会预期和欧盟的外部制度约束,加快了其社会保护机制建立的制度化基础.