价格框架对不同认知闭合需要者在线动态价格的感知与购买意愿的影响*

采用问卷与实验相结合的方法,以112名大学生为被试,考察价格框架对不同认知闭合需要者在线购物时对动态定价策略下的价格感知与购买意愿的影响。结果发现：（1）相比非动态价格,动态价格条件下消费者感知价格公平感、购买意愿都较低;（2）在打折框架下,高认知闭合需要者对采取动态价格在线购物网站的感知信任显著好于非动态价格,而低认知闭合需要者则相反,说明消费者的价格感知受这三个变量的综合影响;（3）在降价框架下,认知闭合需要与动态价格的交互作用不显著,意味着在线消费者的购买意愿可能受到更多其它因素制约。     

青少年篮球运动员"Choking"心理机制的实验研究

Choking现象是指在压力条件下一种习惯的运动过程发生衰变的现象.本研究以28名专业青少年篮球运动员为对象,设置高压和低压两种实验条件,采用被试内平衡实验设计方法,揭示了青少年篮球运动员Choking现象产生的心理机制.研究表明:(1)青少年篮球运动员的公众自我意识、竞赛特质焦虑和积极应对方式能有效解释37.5%的Choking指数变异,公众自我意识对Choking指数有显著的回归效应(β=0.41);(2)青少年篮球运动员的竞赛特质焦虑、自我意识、应对方式三者之间有一定的联系.     

小学四年级叙述文阅读理解策略教学的实验研究

本研究采用干预教学的方法对吉林省松原市油区测井小学的四年级学生进行了对比实验研究,探讨叙述文阅读理解策略教学对提高小学生阅读能力的有效性.结果表明:1阅读理解策略教学未提高学生自我知觉的阅读策略使用情况;2阅读理解策略教学提高了学生使用阅读策略的能力;3阅读理解策略教学提高了学生的阅读成绩.     

创造性思维与分心抑制能力关系的汉字负启动效应实验研究

本研究采用问卷法筛选出创造性思维水平高、低两组大学生作为被试,利用负启动实验范式考察创造性思维水平不同大学生分心抑制能力的差异,探讨其分心抑制能力与创造性思维的关系.结果表明,创造性思维水平高、低两组大学生均表现出明显的位置抑制能力.低水平组大学生表现出明显的特性抑制能力,但高水平组大学生没有表现出明显的特性抑制能力.因此,个体的特性抑制能力随创造性思维水平的不同而产生明显的变化.     

农村初一学生自我概念发展的特点及培养对策

目的:探讨农村初一学生自我概念的各成分和整体自我概念上发展的特点。方法:以Piers-Harris儿童自我概念量表为工具对149名农村初一学生进行测量。结果:农村初一学生自我概念与城市常模存在显著性差异,得分明显低于城市常模;农村初一女生在行为、智力与学校情况以及总分上显著优于男生。结论:培养农村初一学生保持良好而积极的自我概念。     

心理学实验研究的效果大小

从"心理学实验数据处理"的角度,我们可以把"效果大小"理解为"是指在心理学实验报告中反映‘自变量’对‘因变量’所产生的影响有多大的统计指标"。这一统计指标需要在掌握"虚无假设分布"和"备择假设分布"这两个抽样分布原理的基础上才能得以准确的理解,并因此知道我们在"对心理学实验数据处理过程中通过假设检验进行推断统计"之后报告研究结果时为什么需要使用这一指标。心理学实验数据处理过程中使用不同的检验方法具有与该方法相应的不同的效果大小指标,每一种检验方法也可以使用不同的指标来反映其实验处理的效果大小。对此,就"心理统计学"提到的四种主要假设检验方法所得推断结果应该使用何种"效果大小"指标更为合适提出了我们的建议。     

不同心理一致感个体对情绪信息的注意偏向

研究采用线索-靶子任务,考察高、低心理一致感个体对情绪信息的注意偏向特点。结果显示:(1)在有效提示下,高心理一致感个体对积极情绪表现出稳定的注意警觉,对消极情绪的注意偏向不稳定,低心理一致感个体对积极和消极情绪的注意偏向均不稳定;(2)在无效提示下,高心理一致感个体对积极和消极情绪的注意回避均不稳定,而低心理一致感个体对积极情绪表现出注意回避,对消极情绪表现出注意解除困难,这些注意偏向均具有中等程度的稳定性。     

The Influence of Mothers’ Emotional Expressivity and Class Grouping on Chinese Preschoolers’ Emotional Regulation Strategies

Emotional regulation within the context of social situations refers to an individual’s ability to respond to emotions in socially acceptable ways in order to adapt quickly and to maintain good interpersonal relationships. Emotional regulation is a psychological characteristic at the core of social stability. The preschool period is a stage in which children’s emotional regulation develops rapidly. Because homes and preschools are the two main places where preschoolers grow and spend their time, their mothers and peers play key roles in their social interactions. Therefore, the present study explored how the emotional regulation strategies of preschool children in China are affected by children’s class grouping and their mothers’ emotional expressivity. The participants were 182 preschoolers (ages 3–5) who were recruited for this study. The Emotional Regulation Strategy Questionnaire and the Self-Expressiveness in the Family Questionnaire were used to explore preschoolers’ emotional regulation strategies and their mothers’ emotional expressivity, respectively. The study results are as follows. (1) As they develop, preschool children use more positive emotional regulation strategies and fewer negative emotional regulation strategies. (2) Children in mixed-age classes use fewer passive reaction strategies than children in same-age classes do. For replacement activity strategies, only 4-year-old children in mixed-age classes score higher than children in same-age classes. (3) Mothers’ tendencies toward positive emotional expression can positively predict their children’s use of positive emotional regulation strategies, and their displays of negative emotions can positively predict their children’s use of negative emotional regulation strategies.     

Media influence on drive for thinness,body satisfaction,and eating attitudes among young women in Hong Kong and China

The present study examined the impact of thin-ideal media exposure on Chinese women’s drive for thinness, attitudes towards body shape, and eating attitude. Women were assigned to one of two video conditions, which portrayed the thin-ideal (experimental) or was neutral (control group), in terms of content. A total of 83 young women from Hong Kong (N = 38) and Shanghai (N = 45), aged between 18 and 25 years (M_age = 22.7) participated in the study. A significant interaction was observed between the experimental video condition and location. Hong Kong women in the experimental group experienced greater levels of body dissatisfaction than Shanghai women exposed to the same condition. Exposure to thin-ideal media produced an increase in drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction and problematic eating attitudes regardless of location, with a greater immediate impact shown in Hong Kong women.