无声环境不利于健康

噪音对人体健康有害,这是谁也不会怀疑的事实。因此,人们想尽办法采取种种措施,千方百计来减少和消除噪音,以保障身体健康。最近,德国科学家们在研究中发现,一个完全没有声响的环境,对人的身心健康同样也会造成损害。他们研究认为,无声环境会使人产生恐惧不安、心律失常、食欲减退,特别是对神经系统造成很大伤害,心理上产生莫名奇妙的压力,出现情绪烦躁、思维混乱等症状,使身体健康受到严重危害。同样,美国的研究人员也曾做过这样的试验:让几名志愿受试者分别进入一个完全隔音没有任何一点声响环境的房间里,结果发现,在这无任何声响的环境中…     

Influence of emotional task relevancy on the temporal dynamic of attentional bias in people with high-trait anxiety

ABSTRACT

It is unknown whether high-trait anxiety (HTA) individuals show facilitated attention or impaired attentional disengagement. In the present study, we have manipulated emotion and task relevance to explore the temporal dynamic of attentional bias in an HTA group via emotional attentional blink (EAB) and emotion-induced blindness (EIB). The results showed that the attentional blink effect was greater in the negative compared to neutral condition. When emotional stimulation was task-irrelevant at lag6, this enhanced effect was only present for the HTA group, indicating impaired attentional disengagement. However, when emotional stimulation was task-relevant at lag4, the enhanced attentional blink was absent for HTA but still present for LTA until lag8, suggesting facilitated attention for HTA. Thus, task relevancy of emotional distractor appears to influence attention biases in HTA individuals. In addition, individual characteristics modulate the magnitude and time window of the attentional blink in the context of EIB and EAB tasks.     

神人论:俄罗斯白银时代宗教哲学的人学主题

俄罗斯宗教哲学家站在现代哲学的立场上重新诠释“神人论”这一传统基督教人学理论,在重建神、人与世界三者的内在关联的基础上,揭示了神人论的理论基础和现实意义。神人论的核心是“肯定神性”与“否定神性”的统一,人的精神实在性之确证就在于人性中内在蕴含着神性,即神人的两位一体是人存在的本质规定。只有在“绝对存在”的宗教形而上学基础上,人才可以自由的意识、反思神的原则,同时又保持与神的内在同一关联。内在精神世界中人与神的绝对同一为人的生活提供了绝对意义和永恒价值,是人所追求的本真生存方式。神人论是俄罗斯白银时代宗教哲学的人学主题和理论基础,也是宗教哲学家为完善传统形而上学所作的努力。     

职业刻板印象及其影响因素研究

通过外显报告和内隐联想测验,发现在外显和内隐层面,大学生存在明显的职业刻板印象,对某些职业评价很高,有些则很低。工作岗位所在不同地域对大学生职业刻板印象产生较大影响,隐藏着加工机制的深层问题。研究结果表明,大学生就业观存在某种偏差。     

《管子》荣辱观的基本内涵和体系特征

《管子》社会伦理道德思想中蕴含有以"四维"为核心的丰富的荣辱思想,其基本内涵包括热爱祖国、爱民护民、重诚尚信、团结同德、节俭去奢、遵纪守法等方面。《法禁》篇也对《管子》荣辱观基本内涵有所折射。《管子》荣辱观带有鲜明的齐文化"经世致用"的理论色彩。     

华人社会中的自谦初探

通过对典籍的梳理初步探讨了华人社会中自谦的内涵、实质和运作模式。自谦可能包涵“守弱处柔”、“卑己尊人”、“恭允克让”和“恭敬有实”四个方面。自谦的实质涉及“和合”、“远耻”、“隐显”;自谦包括“功利性”和“真诚性”两个因素,体现在“淡泊超脱—刻意功利”与“直率真诚—婉转伪饰”两个维度上。以这两个维度为基础的“谦礼”、“谦敬”、“谦卑”和“谦忍”可能是华人社会自谦的主要运作模式。     

The Effect of a Context-Specific Primed Goal on Goal Commitment and Team Performance

The effect of a context-specific prime for cooperation on goal commitment and team performance were examined. In the first experiment, the participants (n = 139) performed the Lost on the Moon simulation (Hall & Watson, 1970) individually and as a team (n = 50). The teams were randomly assigned to a condition where they were assigned the same goal. They were then primed (n = 23) through a photograph of cooperation or to the control condition (n = 27). Consistent with NASA’s directions for performing the simulation, performance was measured by how well a team performed relative to the answers of experts, namely, staff at NASA. The results showed that a primed behavioural goal to cooperate has a positive effect on team performance. These results were replicated in a second and third experiment involving a social dilemma where both a pro-social, group-centric goal and a pro-self, egocentric goal could be self-set for the amount of points to make. Thus the positive effect of a goal primed for cooperation on a team’s performance was shown to be robust even when there was an explicit mixture of cooperative and competitive incentives. This finding was replicated in a third experiment with actual money. Consistent with goal setting theory, commitment to the team’s goal moderated the primed goal-performance relationship.     

白马人池哥昼及其祭祀动因与族群边界的建构

作为在特定时空节点周期性上演的一场地方戏剧,白马人池哥昼不仅充满了显圣意味,也深含朴素的生存智慧。源自华夏古老传统的鬼神信仰构成年度池哥昼祭祀的逻辑起点。祭祀中,以彼岸世界的池哥池母及众神之名,旨在落实此岸世界白马人的现实生存诉求。全民参与祭祀,不仅强化了我群意识,也构筑并维系着区分他群的边界分野。从中可以窥见,在藏彝走廊族群流动与文化接触的空间里,白马人正是借助这一文化具象展现着我者话语,以假面而舞诠释白马人之所以为白马人的文化逻辑。可以说,池哥昼是这一文化逻辑的当下注解。