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工作记忆的神经振荡机制研究是当前记忆领域的研究热点之一。那么, 神经振荡仅仅是工作记忆过程的伴随现象, 还是直接参与并调控了工作记忆的加工过程?已有研究发现, 大脑内部的神经振荡活动在外界节律性刺激的驱动下, 逐步与外界刺激节律相位同步化, 这一现象被称为“神经振荡夹带”。重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, rTMS)和经颅交流电刺激(transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation, tACS)干预研究基于此现象, 对大脑局部脑区施加节律性磁、电刺激, 进而调控工作记忆过程中特定频段的神经振荡活动、跨频段的神经振荡耦合或跨脑区的神经振荡相位同步, 为神经振荡参与工作记忆加工提供较为直接的因果证据。未来研究需考虑从脑网络的角度出发, 调控多个脑区之间的神经振荡活动, 进一步考察神经振荡对工作记忆的影响。此外, 还需注意探索和优化rTMS/tACS调控工作记忆的刺激方案, 并辅以客观的脑电记录, 提高该类研究的有效性和可重复性, 最终达到提高工作记忆能力的目的。 相似文献
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Studies have shown that female children, on average, consistently outperform male children in arithmetic. In the research reported here, 1,556 pupils (8 to 11 years of age) from urban and rural regions in the greater Beijing area completed 10 cognitive tasks. Results showed that girls outperformed boys in arithmetic tasks (i.e., simple subtraction, complex multiplication), as well as in numerosity-comparison, number-comparison, number-series-completion, choice reaction time, and word-rhyming tasks. Boys outperformed girls in a mental rotation task. Controlling for scores on the word-rhyming task eliminated gender differences in arithmetic, whereas controlling for scores on numerical-processing tasks (number comparison, numerosity estimation, numerosity comparison, and number-series completion) and general cognitive tasks (choice reaction time, Raven's Progressive Matrices, and mental rotation) did not. These results suggest that girls' advantage in arithmetic is likely due to their advantage in language processing. 相似文献
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The association between non-symbolic number comparison and mathematical abilities depends on fluency
Cognitive Processing - Numerous studies have explored the correlation between non-symbolic number comparison and mathematical abilities in children, but the results have been inconsistent. The... 相似文献
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前运动皮质与数字加工:脑功能成像研究的元分析研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
许多应用PET与fMRI技术的脑功能成像研究发现,数字加工任务会显著引起前运动皮质的激活。习惯上认为,这一结果可能与任务执行过程中的动作反应,如手指按键、默读或眼动等有关。近年来的研究则表明,这一区域不仅具有动作功能,同时也具有其它非动作的认知功能。在本研究中,对17篇关于数字加工的脑功能成像研究进行了元分析,以考察前运动皮质在数字加工中的作用。研究结果发现,运动前区的背外侧(PMd)与腹外侧(PMv)在大多数数字加工任务中有显著激活,而运动辅助区(SMA)的激活则相对较少。数字比较、加法与减法任务在PMd区域有更多的激活,而乘法任务则在PMv区域有更多激活。数字自身特征对PMd、PMv与SMA喙部区域的激活有显著的调节作用。这一结果表明,前运动皮质在数字加工过程中可能扮演着比动作反应更为重要的角色。 相似文献
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Dazhi Cheng Qing Xiao Jiaxin Cui Chuansheng Chen Jieying Zeng Qian Chen Xinlin Zhou 《Developmental science》2020,23(4)
Studies have shown that numerosity‐based arithmetic training can promote arithmetic learning in typically developing children as well as children with developmental dyscalculia (DD), but the cognitive mechanism underlying this training effect remains unclear. The main aim of the current study was to examine the role of visual form perception in arithmetic improvement through an 8‐day numerosity training for DD children. Eighty DD children were selected from four Chinese primary schools. They were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received training on an apple‐collecting game, whereas the control group received an English dictation task. Children's cognitive and arithmetic performances were assessed before and after training. The results showed that the intervention group showed a significant improvement in arithmetic performance, approximate number system (ANS) acuity, and visual form perception, but not in spatial processing and sentence comprehension. The control group showed no significant improvement in any cognitive ability. Mediation analysis further showed that training‐related improvement in arithmetic performance was fully mediated by the improvement in visual form perception. The results suggest that short‐term numerosity training enhances the arithmetic performance of DD children by improving their visual form perception. 相似文献
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准确解码语音中的情绪信息能让个体更好地适应社会环境,此能力对新生儿和婴儿尤其重要,因为人类刚出生时听觉系统远比视觉系统发育得完善。虽然已有研究表明5~7月龄的婴儿能分辨不同情绪种类的语音,但目前对新生儿的研究还非常少。人类是否在出生时即具有分辨不同种类情绪性语音的能力?新生儿对情绪的加工是否存在正性或负性偏向?本文选用odd-ball范式考察高兴、恐惧、愤怒三种韵律性语音在1~6天龄新生儿大脑中诱发的事件相关电位。实验1直接对比三种情绪性条件,发现新生儿大脑的额区(F3和F4电极点)可以区分情绪性语音的正负性,正性(高兴)语音诱发的\"失匹配反应\"幅度明显大于负性(愤怒和恐惧)语音。实验2采用偏差和标准刺激反转的odd-ball范式,证实了实验1的结果并非源于三种情绪语音物理属性的差异。本文的结果提示,新生儿大脑可自动辨别正性与负性情绪语音,但尚不能将愤怒和恐惧两种负性语音区分开来。更重要的是,高兴语音比两种负性语音诱发了更大的失匹配反应,这一结果首次从神经学层面(电生理指标)为新生儿情绪性语音加工的正性偏向提供了证据。 相似文献
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《淮南子》中保存了大量的关于五行思想的资料,通过分析排比这些资料,我们能够勾勒出《淮南子》阴阳五行的大致框架,这将有助于我们更好地把握它的内容。同时,在五行思想上,《淮南子》与《管子》、《吕氏春秋》、《春秋繁露》等书有着密切的联系,通过论述《淮南子》中的五行思想,可以发现它们之间的内在联系。 相似文献