基于语料库统计的“音-形”激活概率及加工机制

为了了解心理词典中语音与汉字的联结情况以及从音到形的加工机制,研究首先计算出了基于语料库统计的“音-形”激活概率(某个音节激活其对应汉字的概率),并通过一个听写实验来验证这种激活概率是否反映实际加工中的激活情况。结果证明基于语料统计得到的“音-形”激活概率基本可以预测实际的“音-形”激活情况,表现为:“音-形”激活概率越高的汉字被激活的概率和强度越高,并且有明显的优势字效应; 该统计概率具有可独立于其他影响因素的预测功能。     

权利游戏——中国文化中的人情对腐败意识的影响

腐败是危害社会公正、法治的不良现象。为考察中国文化中的人情对腐败意图的影响,通过两轮问卷向190名大学生进行调查,结果发现:(1)人情不是单一整体,而是包含情感、资源、规范三个维度的复杂构念;(2)人情中的资源维度显著正向影响腐败意图,并且这一过程不受道德认同的影响。研究结果说明,为建立一个清廉、和谐的社会,人情中的不良成分,如利用人情资源获得优先对待必须被避免。     

Posttraumatic growth and parental bonding in young adults of parents with physical disabilites: testing mediation model of resilience

Positive parent-child relationships are associated with positive youth development, but little is known about the relationships between parental bonding, resilience, and posttraumatic growth, which is positive change resulting from the struggle with trauma. This study examined a mediation model among 119 female young adults with disabled parents. The model included resilience as a mediator of the relationship between the paternal Care and posttraumatic growth. The results revealed that resilience did mediate the relationship between the paternal Care and posttraumatic growth. The findings indicate that paternal Care helps to foster female young adults’ resilience, which benefits their growth after suffering adversities.     

Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex 5-HT6 receptors regulate anxiety-like behavior

The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) plays a very important role in decision-related and anxiety-related information processing. It has enriched 5-HT6 receptors; however, the precise role of dmPFC 5-HT6 receptors in anxiety remains to be fully investigated. In this study, we injected dmPFC with the 5-HT6 receptor agonist EMD 386088 and antagonist SB 271046 using stereotactic technology. 5-HT6 receptor activation in mice increased time spent in the center area on the open-field test, increased exploration of the open arms on the elevated plus maze test, and increased ratio on the social interaction test. 5-HT6 receptor inactivation induced the opposite effects. In brain slices, EMD 386088 decreased both spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC) and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC), while SB 271046 only increased sEPSC. These effects of EMD 386088 and SB 271046 could be reversed by the GABA_A receptor antagonist bicuculline (BMI) and positive allosteric modulator clonazepam (CLZ), respectively. Our results suggest that neurotransmission in the dmPFC by 5-HT6 receptor activation and inhibition may play an important role in anxiety-like behavior, and may provide new insight into the pathological mechanism and potential target of anxiety disorders.     

道德认知的测量

文章研究梳理了道德认知研究中的测量方法的理论脉络及其演进。道德认知的测量始于皮亚杰和科尔伯格的临床访谈法。后来者从中汲取精髓,采用量表的形式进行道德认知测评,比如莱斯特的确定问题测验以及林德的道德判断测验。随着内隐社会认知理论的发展,研究者将实验测量方法(比如IAT)用于道德认知测评。文章研究分析了各种测量方法的优势和劣势,并对未来的道德认知测量作出展望。     

状态相似性与流量限制模型

在可能世界语义中,如果根据是否含有模态算子而将一个点上为真的公式分为两类,那么可以认为不含模态算子的公式描述的是当前点的信息,其它公式描述的是其它点的信息,以及当前点与其它点的关系。通过对不同点上命题真值指派的比较,我们可以在可能世界语义模型上定义出一种状态相似性。本文构造了三类刻画状态相似性的模型,并给出了分别刻画其中两类模型的完全的系统。本文最后讨论这些模型在时态逻辑和信念逻辑中的应用。     

Smoking among New Yorican adolescents: time 1 predictors of time 2 tobacco use

The authors identified longitudinal relationships between early risk and protective factors from the domains of family, personality, and peer influences and later tobacco use in Puerto Rican adolescents living in New York. Aspects of the ethnic minority experience as moderators of familial risk and protective factors were investigated. Participants were 282 female and 276 male Puerto Rican adolescents interviewed twice, 5 years apart. The authors used hierarchical regression analyses to identify a model with direct and indirect paths. Family, personality, peer, and early smoking domains were directly related to later adolescent smoking. Partial mediation occurred. The authors identified risk-protective and protective-protective interactions between variables from the ethnic minority experience and family domains. Interventions to reduce smoking among Puerto Rican adolescents should focus on multiple contexts, including aspects of the ethnic minority experience.     

数学证明:数学真理的来源?

对于一个数学实在论者来说,一个特别急迫的任务是回答数学证明是如何建立起关于数学对象的真理性问题。本文批判性考察由Resnik所提出的认知解答,指出了其中不成立的前提。并且在此基础上提出我们自己的解答,它是基于由Oliver．G所提倡的方面(aspects)概念而来的社会——论辩方案。     

国外有关非智力因素的实证研究

国外的许多心理学家已经对非智力因素问题进行了大量的实证性研究。心理测量学家们主要是围绕智力因素与非智力因素的关系展开研究。而一些教育心理学家和实验心理学家则宁可去研究动机、情感、人格等因素对学生学业成就的影响。对国外非智力因素实证研究的回顾将有助于今天国内的非智力因素研究。     

味觉厌恶性条件反射与条件反射性免疫抑制的研究

以环磷酰胺的注射为非条件刺激（ＵＣＳ）,糖精水的摄入为条件刺激（ＣＳ）,并以血白细胞和淋巴细胞数量及脾淋巴细胞的转化反应为免疫指标,糖精水的饮用量为行为指标,通过改变条件刺激与非条件刺激结合的次数来观察条件反射性厌恶行为与条件反射性免疫抑制的反应。结果表明不管是一次性的还是两次性的ＣＳ－ＵＣＳ结合训练都能使动物明显地建立起味觉厌恶性条件反射,然而条件反射性免疫抑制只在两次性ＣＳ－ＵＣＳ结合训练后才