古希腊正义价值研究

正义是人类诉求的重要价值.西方正义价值的嬗变历程,是在古希腊先哲们奠定的基础上展开的.古希腊思想家们已经从价值论的高度,自觉或不自觉地从正义的界域、正义的主体、正义的本性以及正义的维度等方面,思考和回答了正义的重要问题,并对其后正义价值的孕育产生了深刻影响.     

发展性阅读障碍语音缺陷的脑科学研究及对阅读教学的启示

阅读障碍语音缺陷是阅读障碍的关键原因之一。脑科学研究发现,拼音文字系统中阅读障碍者在语音加工的神经机制上存在缺陷,相关脑区包括颞—顶—枕联合区和额下回;而汉语阅读障碍者语音加工时,激活的脑区和拼音文字系统阅读障碍者激活的脑区不同,涉及左额中回和右脑一些皮层。基于此,提出了相应的阅读教学建议。     

原型理论视野中的亲社会行为研究

亲社会行为是伦理学、心理学、社会学等学科研究的中心议题之一。学界对于什么是亲社会行为、如何对亲社会行为实施测评等一系列问题依然没有达成统一的认识。该文从概念原型理论视角出发,分析了将原型理论纳入青少年亲社会行为研究的可行性,利用原型理论探讨了青少年对亲社会行为的概念表征问题,并提出根据青少年的亲社会行为的概念结构,建构亲社会行为测评体系。     

品牌依恋的概念架构及其理论发展

品牌依恋（brand attachment）是联结品牌与消费者自我的认知和情感纽带的强度,是品牌情感和品牌关系领域的前沿课题。品牌依恋不仅可以更好地预知较高层次的消费者行为反应,而且是强势品牌资产的重要来源。通过对心理学和营销学领域大量相关文献的系统梳理,提出品牌依恋建立于依恋理论、品牌关系理论和自我一致性理论基础之上;评析品牌依恋单维度、多维度概念的相关研究,辨析其与品牌态度、品牌至爱、品牌承诺、品牌涉入等概念的异同;结合已有研究分析品牌依恋的形成机理与行为结果;指明品牌依恋理论未来主要研究方向     

多学科聚焦人格障碍

从心理学、医学、哲学和伦理学的角度看,人格障碍这一变态心理学概念表现得相当复杂和模糊.从心理学角度看,人格障碍的本质是个体性格的多重性和矛盾性以及自我意识障碍及特殊的认知结构和行为模式.从医学模式疾病的六要素(病因、发病机制、临床表现、分类、诊断与治疗)看,人格障碍作为一个疾病单元基本不成立.从哲学角度看,人格障碍的哲学本质是患者主体价值世界与意义系统的紊乱.从伦理学角度看,人格障碍的一些特殊行为模式表现主要是违背了当时社会文化背景下的伦理规则和法律体系.     

丧失、创伤及人类复原力

通过文献回顾,探讨丧失、创伤及人类复原力问题,以期促进人们对复原力的理解并为灾难创伤后民众的心理复原提供一些理论根据.研究发现,复原揭示的轨迹不同于恢复过程,面对丧失或潜在创伤时复原力比通常人们想象的更普遍,并且是通过各种不同途径来实现的.     

阈下情绪启动对人际判断的影响

通过3个实验探讨了阈下情绪启动对人际判断的影响作用.实验1的结果显示,在阈下呈现快乐面孔的条件下,被试对随后中性面孔的喜好判断显著高于阈下呈现中性面孔和阈下呈现恐惧面孔的条件.实验2的结果显示,在阈下呈现快乐面孔的条件下,被试对随后中性面孔的趋向反应显著高于阈下呈现恐惧面孔的条件.实验3的结果显示,阈下呈现的情绪人物面孔引发的正负情绪效价,不管对新异性的中性人物面孔图片,还是熟悉性的中性人物面孔图片的喜好态度都产生了影响.总之,在情绪的正负效价水平上,阈下情绪启动会影响被试随后的人际判断.     

Psychosocial Well-being of Children in HIV/AIDS-Affected Families in Southwest China: A Qualitative Study

We investigated the psychosocial well-being of children in HIV/AIDS-affected families in rural China from the child’s and caregiver’s perspectives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among children living in HIV/AIDS-affected families (n = 16), their caregivers (n = 16) and key community informants (n = 5). Our findings showed that all of the children relied heavily on caregivers and peers to gain psychological support. Children’s psychosocial problems included fear, anxiety, grief, and loss of self-esteem and confidence. Stigma towards children existed, including isolation, ignorance and rejection. Our study illustrates that HIV/AIDS has impacted negatively on the psychosocial well-being of children. These findings can be used as preliminary data supporting more researches to profoundly explore the psychosocial impact of HIV/AIDS on children and appropriately indicate the need for interventions.     

What is the temperamental basis of humour like in China? A cross-national examination and validation of the standard version of the state–trait cheerfulness inventory

The State–Trait Cheerfulness Inventory–trait version (STCI-T60) consists of three dimensions of cheerfulness, seriousness, and bad mood integrated to measure the temperamental basis of the sense of humour. The present study replicated the three-dimensional factor structure of the STCI in China using 60 items consistent with other standard trait versions (e.g., English, Chilean-Spanish). Closer examination of associations between traits suggested bad mood showed curvilinear associations with both cheerfulness and seriousness, such that cheerfulness and bad mood were negatively associated for those low and average in trait bad mood but not for those with high trait bad mood. Seriousness was positively associated with bad mood at high levels of trait bad mood, but not at average or low levels of bad mood. Associations between the STCI traits and major personality dimensions, humour styles, and well-being were further examined. Cheerfulness and seriousness showed positive associations with satisfaction with life and emotional well-being (EWB) while bad mood showed a curvilinear association with EWB. Using multi-group confirmatory factor analyses, partial metric invariance was found between English and Chinese versions of the STCI-T60, but structural invariance was not observed. Implications based on the empirical literature in dialecticism and cross-cultural assessment were thoroughly discussed.