临床心力衰竭判断中的问题与逻辑性

临床依据患者外在表征推断心衰的特异性低,缘于传统诊疗难以实测心功能.仅指患者耐受体力活动差异的心功能Ⅰ级～Ⅳ级分级标准缺乏心脏实情的印证.用外在的,多歧义的,存在大量主观虚拟的推论诊治心衰,有悖医道的客观真实属性.对疑似心衰者,临床应优先用超声把握心脏形态与功能证据并判明病因,也是临床干预心衰的必要逻辑前提.     

儿童心理理论对责任教育的启示

心理理论是指对自己和他人心理状态的认识,并由此对相应行为作出因果性的预测和解释。心理理论的发展不仅是儿童脱离自我中心、建立良好同伴关系的重要条件,而且还通过影响儿童的观点采择等心理机制影响儿童责任意识的形成与发展。这一理论对于当前的责任教育具有重要启示意义。     

阈下启动的恐惧和厌恶情绪对人际判断的影响

该研究通过两个实验,采用单因素的组间设计,探讨了阈下启动的恐惧情绪和厌恶情绪对人际判断的影响作用。研究结果显示:1)阈下呈现恐惧图片的情况下,被试认为随后的中性人物面孔图片表现出更多的攻击性和威胁性,相对于阈下呈现中性图片的条件;2)阈下呈现厌恶图片的情况下,被试认为人物随后的中性人物面孔图片表现出更多的无礼性和令人讨厌,相对于阈下呈现中性图片的条件。研究结果表明,在具体情绪的水平上,阈下情绪启动会影响被试随后的人际判断。     

《创世记》1-3章之历史批评法回眸

历史批评法研究《创世记》1-3章,通常以来源批评法、形式批评法、传统-历史批评法,以及编辑批评法等组成。这些方法之间,没有绝然的分野和对立。历史批评法诠释《创世记》1-3章,为读者揭示了两个创造故事。本文批判地回顾了学者对两个创造故事的来源、所使用的场景、传递的过程,以及编修的痕迹等方面的研究,认为尽管历史批评法受到许多质疑和挑战,但它仍然是研究希伯来圣经的基础方法。     

基于心理控制源视角的女公务员婚姻质量研究

目的:研究女公务员心理控制源和婚姻质量的关系。方法:采用《Olson婚姻质量问卷》和《控制圈量表》对551名女公务员进行调查。结果:不同职级的女公务员心理控制源差异显著,其婚姻质量差异不显著;不同年龄的女公务员心理控制源和婚姻质量差异不显著;影响女公务员婚姻满意度的主要因素是性生活、与亲友的关系、子女和婚姻、业余活动、信仰一致性、经济安排、夫妻交流、人际控制。结论:不同职级的女公务员心理控制源差异显著,其婚姻质量差异不显著;影响女公务员婚姻满意感的主要因素是婚际因素和外界因素,个人因素贡献不显著;基于控制源的视角,人际控制对女公务员婚姻满意度贡献显著,个人实力和社会政治控制对其婚姻满意度贡献不显著。     

中国历史上的“邪教”概念、特征及处置

中国历史上起初并不使用"邪教"一词,直至清代,"邪教"的含义才接近今义。虽然历朝法规都对类似的行为做出了禁令,但是并没有明确的认定标准,常在处置具体事件时才作出判断。不同时代的"邪教"特征不同,同一时代不同的"邪教"教派有共通之处。"邪教"活动与一般的神灵崇拜活动之间很难区分,对其处置存在着相当的困难。     

人类胚胎干细胞的来源与伦理思考

人类胚胎干细胞研究的伦理问题较多,因此要思考胚胎干细胞的伦理问题。胚胎干细胞来源有四种：选择性流产的人类胚胎组织;治疗不孕症夫妇不需要的由体外受精产生的人类胚胎;由捐献者专门为研究所捐献的配子由体外受精产生的人类胚胎;由体细胞核移植技术将人体细胞核移植入人或动物的卵泡内产生人类胚胎或嵌合体胚胎。用不同胚胎来源研究干细胞产生的伦理问题不同,伦理的思考和结论也不同。     

Lesson of emotions in the family: The role of emotional intelligence in the relation between filial piety and life satisfaction among Taiwanese college students

This study investigated the relationships between reciprocal filial piety beliefs, emotional intelligence, and life satisfaction among Taiwanese young adults. A total of 481 college students from Taiwan were recruited for the study. Structural equation modelling was employed to analyze the data. The analysis produced the following results. First, reciprocal filial piety was positively related to all of the four types of emotional intelligence: self‐emotional appraisal (SEA), others' emotional appraisal (OEA), regulation of emotion (ROE), and use of emotion (UOE). Second, both ROE and UOE had a positive association with life satisfaction whereas SEA and OEA had a nonsignificant association with life satisfaction. Third, the two types of emotional intelligence, ROE and UOE, mediated the relation between reciprocal filial piety and young adults' life satisfaction. The findings suggest that reciprocal filial piety, representing high‐quality interaction between children and parents, can facilitate individuals' ability to control and use their emotions, which in turn improves their life satisfaction.     

广场舞组织氛围和老年人主观幸福感的关系:组织认同和自尊的中介作用

以366名参加广场舞活动的老年人为研究对象,探讨广场舞组织氛围对老年人主观幸福感的影响及其作用机制。结果表明：广场舞组织氛围能通过组织认同和自尊的中介作用对主观幸福感产生影响,且该中介作用包含了两条路径——自尊的单独中介作用以及组织认同—自尊的链式中介作用。因此可以通过改善广场舞组织氛围增强老年人主观幸福感,以促进老年人成功老化、积极老化、健康老化。     

Variations of career decision ambiguity tolerance between China and the United States and between high school and college

The variation of career decision ambiguity tolerance (CDAT) by cultures and development stages was examined in a sample of Chinese high school students (n = 339), a sample of Chinese college students (n = 356), along with U.S. college students (n = 328). It was hypothesized that career decision ambiguity tolerance decreases when individuals experience more societal/cultural pressure on decidedness and responsibility for their career decision making. Based on the three-factor structure of CDAT (i.e., preference, tolerance, and aversion), measurement invariance was examined between Chinese and U.S. college students and between Chinese high school and college students. While the factor of tolerance was not upheld in both Chinese samples, the factors of preference and aversion were found to be structurally invariant across cultures and developmental stages. The analyses comparing means of preference and aversion found that U.S. college students had a higher level of preference relative to Chinese college students. It was also found that in comparison to Chinese high school students, Chinese college students had a higher level of aversion. The criterion validity of CDAT in Chinese culture was supported in the findings of preference and aversion being associated with career exploration and career indecision. The implication of this study was discussed along with its limitations and suggestions for future research.