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131.
132.
Cross‐cultural Generalizability of the Alternative Five‐factor Model Using the Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja Personality Questionnaire 下载免费PDF全文
Jérôme Rossier Oumar Barry Michel Hansenne André F. Carvalho Mauricio Valdivia Wei Wang Olivier Desrichard Thomas Hyphantis Zsuzsanna Suranyi Joseph Glicksohn Vilfredo De Pascalis Elizabeth León‐Mayer Aleksei Piskunov Adam Stivers Julien Morizot Fritz Ostendorf Đorđe Čekrlija Tarek Bellaj Dorota Markiewicz Abbas Motevalian Gokhan Karagonlar 《欧洲人格杂志》2016,30(2):139-157
Several personality models are known for being replicable across cultures, such as the Five‐Factor Model (FFM) or Eysenck's Psychoticism–Extraversion–Neuroticism (PEN) model, and are for this reason considered universal. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the cross‐cultural replicability of the recently revised Alternative FFM (AFFM). A total of 15 048 participants from 23 cultures completed the Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja Personality Questionnaire (ZKA‐PQ) aimed at assessing personality according to this revised AFFM. Internal consistencies, gender differences and correlations with age were similar across cultures for all five factors and facet scales. The AFFM structure was very similar across samples and can be considered as highly replicable with total congruence coefficients ranging from .94 to .99. Measurement invariance across cultures was assessed using multi‐group confirmatory factor analyses, and each higher‐order personality factor did reach configural and metric invariance. Scalar invariance was never reached, which implies that culture‐specific norms should be considered. The underlying structure of the ZKA‐PQ replicates well across cultures, suggesting that this questionnaire can be used in a large diversity of cultures and that the AFFM might be as universal as the FFM or the PEN model. This suggests that more research is needed to identify and define an integrative framework underlying these personality models. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology 相似文献
133.
Brianna M. Byllesby Ruby Charak Tory A. Durham Xin Wang Jon D. Elhai 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2016,38(4):655-665
Clinicians and researchers have found differential diagnosis to be difficult, particularly for conceptually similar disorders. One category of particular interest has been distress or internalizing disorders, theorized to be related via an underlying construct of generalized distress or negative affect. The present study attempted to address the comorbidity of three distress disorders - posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) - using latent analyses by controlling for the variance attributable to negative affect. The sample consisted of 265 trauma-exposed individuals who completed self-report measures of PTSD, MDD, GAD, and negative affect. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test initial model fit. Next, the model was re-computed, controlling for negative affect by regressing negative affectivity at the item-level. Results indicated that a significant amount of variance within and between these diagnostic categories is attributable to negative affect at both the item- and factor-level. The hypothesis that MDD’s non-somatic/affective factor and the GAD factor would have the highest attenuations in factor loadings after controlling for negative affect was supported. Therefore, negative affect significantly influences the co-occurrence of PTSD, MDD, and GAD clinically, emphasizing the need for transdiagnostic interventions for trauma victims. 相似文献
134.
为医学"会诊”-当代医学的主要缺憾 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
现代医学发展迅速,方兴未艾,由于技术主义抬头,认识局限与医学发展水平的制约。出现某些缺憾性倾向。主要有:破足的医学、分裂的医学。被动的医学、治标的医学、人性淡漠的医学、不公正的医学等。在对上述进行分析与评论的基础上,对医疗服务变革真挚进行了预测与展望。 相似文献
135.
Computational algorithms of image processing were developed and evaluated to select, by motion detection, images of resting
artificial pigs and to segment the pigs (mixture of black and white pigs) from their background. Motion detection of the pigs
was implemented by detecting interframe differences of postural behavioral images. This algorithm combines the advantages
of likelihood ratio method and shading model method and shows a stable performance under noisy and dynamic illumination conditions.
Segmentation of the pigs from their background was implemented by employing multilevel thresholding and background reference
techniques. The algorithm automatically determines the number of thresholds needed and produces satisfactory segmentation
when both black and white pigs with different image intensities are present at the same time (the most complicated situation).
The reference background image is updated so that temporal changes in illumination and/or spatial changes of the pen condition
have little effect on the performance of image segmentation. The algorithm employs statistical models of the pigs and background
and Bayes hypothesis testing to obtain and update the exposed portion of the reference background. Linear filters were used
in this process for updating the parameters. These algorithms will serve as essential components for a novel, behavior-based,
interactive approach to assess and control thermal comfort of group-housed pigs, which is expected to result in enhanced animal
health and well-being. 相似文献
136.
说普通话儿童的语音习得 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
以说普通话的129名一岁半至四岁半儿童的口语资料为基础,首次确定了正常发展的普通话儿童在语音习得过程中各年龄段的音位集合、音位习得的先后顺序、及习得过程中典型的语音简化类型。研究结果可以应用到普通话儿童语音发展水平标准化测试,及对患有语音障碍的儿童的诊断。此外,研究结果还表明在普通话儿童的语音习得中同时体现了各语言共有的“普遍趋势”和普通话独有的语音特征,从而为跨语言语音习得的研究提供了新的证据,进一步发展了儿童语音习得的理论。 相似文献
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139.
识破诡辩的"附会"把戏 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
附会,亦称傅会,主要指把互不相关或关系甚远的事物生拉硬扯在一起,进行连类比附。它不是谨慎地探究事物相关因素,而是在玄虚拟议中取譬事情与诡辩求理,得出认识结论往往似是而非,甚至不着边际。很少让人_下子能够洞彻事理或茅塞顿开,没有务实的求证原理。但是,不可小瞧附会的负面影响作用,其取譬思维模式渗透在人们的实践生活中,影响着许多人的行为方式。 相似文献
140.