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Coordinating cognition: the costs and benefits of shared gaze during collaborative search 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Collaboration has its benefits, but coordination has its costs. We explored the potential for remotely located pairs of people to collaborate during visual search, using shared gaze and speech. Pairs of searchers wearing eyetrackers jointly performed an O-in-Qs search task alone, or in one of three collaboration conditions: shared gaze (with one searcher seeing a gaze-cursor indicating where the other was looking, and vice versa), shared-voice (by speaking to each other), and shared-gaze-plus-voice (by using both gaze-cursors and speech). Although collaborating pairs performed better than solitary searchers, search in the shared gaze condition was best of all: twice as fast and efficient as solitary search. People can successfully communicate and coordinate their searching labor using shared gaze alone. Strikingly, shared gaze search was even faster than shared-gaze-plus-voice search; speaking incurred substantial coordination costs. We conclude that shared gaze affords a highly efficient method of coordinating parallel activity in a time-critical spatial task. 相似文献
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犹太人在人类实践领域的成功是显著的,除了社会的环境和特殊的历史经历、遗传的因素外,文化的因素也起着重要作用.在导致犹太人成功的思想信念中,重要的有修补世界、特选子民、金子是好、为我-利他等观念. 相似文献
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Albert Kienfie Liau Angeline Khoo Peng Hwa Ang 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2008,27(4):217-233
This study focused on four aspects of parental monitoring of Internet use by their children: parental supervision, communication
and tracking, and adolescent disclosure. Data were obtained from a SAFT (Safety Awareness for Teens Project) national survey
of Singapore youths and parents regarding Internet safety at home. Study 1 examined 1,124 adolescents and 1,002 parents; Study
2 examined a subsample of 169 dyads of adolescents and their parents. Frequency of use and engagement in risky Internet behaviors
such as visiting inappropriate websites were analysed. The results indicated that parents tend to underestimate adolescents’
engagement in risky Internet behaviors and overestimate the amount of parental monitoring regarding Internet safety that occurs
at home. The study suggested that mothers have a better awareness of their adolescents’ Internet use than fathers. The findings
were explained in the context of parental monitoring. The results suggest that parental monitoring needs to be reconceptualized
and that parents need to improve the communication with their adolescents regarding Internet use. 相似文献
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The study explored overall and cohort-specific trends in Internet political efficacy from an age-period-cohort approach with a cross-sequential design. Perceived Internet influence on political efficacy is found to increase with age. Significant difference between Internet users and nonusers is also found in some cohorts. Online news reading and online chats/discussions have a positive impact in some cohorts. 相似文献
179.
Phonological awareness in young Chinese children 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Two studies explored the nature of phonological awareness (PA) in Chinese. In Study 1, involving 146 children, awareness of phoneme onset did not differ from chance levels at ages 3-5 years in preschool but increased to 70% correct in first grade, when children first received phonological coding (Pinyin) instruction. Similarly, tone awareness was at better than chance levels from second year kindergarten (age 4), but increased strongly and significantly in first grade to 74% accuracy. In contrast, syllable and rime awareness increased gradually and steadily across ages 3-6 years. Patterns suggest different influences of age and literacy instruction for different PA levels. In Study 2, involving 202 preschoolers, variance in Chinese character recognition was best explained by tasks of syllable awareness, tone awareness, and speeded naming. Findings underscore the unique importance of both tone and syllable for early character acquisition in Chinese children. 相似文献
180.
To develop measures of consumers' self-evaluative motives of Self-verification, Self-enhancement, and Self-improvement within the context of a mall shopping environment, an initial set of 49 items was generated by conducting three focus-group sessions. These items were subsequently converted into shopping-dependent motive statements. 250 undergraduate college students responded on a 7-point scale to each statement as these related to the acquisition of recent personal shopping goods. An exploratory factor analysis yielded five factors, accounting for 57.7% of the variance, three of which corresponded to the Self-verification motive (five items), Self-enhancement motive (three items), and Self-improvement motive (six items). These 14 items, along with 9 reconstructed items, yielded 23 items retained and subjected to additional testing. In a final round of data collection, 169 college students provided data for exploratory factor analysis. 11 items were used in confirmatory factor analysis. Analysis indicated that the 11-item scale adequately captured measures of the three self-evaluative motives. However, further data reduction produced a 9-item scale with marked improvement in statistical fit over the 11-item scale. 相似文献