Coordinating cognition: the costs and benefits of shared gaze during collaborative search

Collaboration has its benefits, but coordination has its costs. We explored the potential for remotely located pairs of people to collaborate during visual search, using shared gaze and speech. Pairs of searchers wearing eyetrackers jointly performed an O-in-Qs search task alone, or in one of three collaboration conditions: shared gaze (with one searcher seeing a gaze-cursor indicating where the other was looking, and vice versa), shared-voice (by speaking to each other), and shared-gaze-plus-voice (by using both gaze-cursors and speech). Although collaborating pairs performed better than solitary searchers, search in the shared gaze condition was best of all: twice as fast and efficient as solitary search. People can successfully communicate and coordinate their searching labor using shared gaze alone. Strikingly, shared gaze search was even faster than shared-gaze-plus-voice search; speaking incurred substantial coordination costs. We conclude that shared gaze affords a highly efficient method of coordinating parallel activity in a time-critical spatial task.     

论犹太人成功的文化机制

犹太人在人类实践领域的成功是显著的,除了社会的环境和特殊的历史经历、遗传的因素外,文化的因素也起着重要作用.在导致犹太人成功的思想信念中,重要的有修补世界、特选子民、金子是好、为我-利他等观念.     

会讯

中国无神论学会定于2008年12月6日～7日在北京圆山大酒店举行学术年会.会议主题为:"无神论在当代文化语境中的话语权".     

纵横家的外交策略及其现代意义——古代外交和谐论

纵横家是先秦时期著名的智慧群体,也是当时列国外交活动的主体。他们的有的放矢、善抓机遇、国无常友亦无常敌的思想认识以及外交活动须以国力为本的外交策略对于当前国际社会之间的交往具有重要的参考价值和启迪意义。     

On suppressing unwanted cues via randomization

In certain perceptual discrimination tasks, a change in a particular stimulus variable can be perceived as changes along multiple perceptual dimensions. If the study is primarily concerned with a particular perceptual dimension or cue, it is important that the experimenter keep the influences of the other unwanted but correlated perceptual cues under control. One way to accomplish this objective is to randomize the stimuli along the stimulus dimensions primarily associated with these unwanted cues, making them unreliable as a basis for the discrimination. This theoretical note presents a mathematical proof that a uniform randomization is the most effective way of suppressing unwanted cues.     

临床方法依然是神经内科医师最重要的诊断法宝

通过7例疑难、危重患者的诊治过程说明临床方法的重要性,在神经科疾病研究中尤为突出。忽视细致的病史采集和体查,常导致了诊疗的失误;面对种目繁多的检查,更需要以临床方法选择之;临床逻辑思维能力非常重要,正确的临床思维出新知。在实验室检查方法越来越多的今天,临床方法是神经内科医师最重要、方便、快捷、有效的诊断法宝,具有不可替代性。     

Assessment of sensory substitution prosthesis potentialities in minimalist conditions of learning

Pattern recognition with a prosthesis substituting vision by audition was investigated. During 15 1‐hour sessions, nine blindfolded sighted subjects were trained to recognise 2D patterns by trial and error. In addition to a global assessment, recognition of pattern element nature (vertical bars, horizontal bars…), element size and element spatial arrangement were independently assessed for each pattern. Influence of experimental parameters (complexity level of patterns, exploration number of a pattern) on recognition was studied. Performances improved over sessions. As a rule, patterns element nature was less well recognised than element size and spatial arrangement. Experimental parameters influenced pattern recognition performance. Results are discussed in relation with auditory and visual perception as well as in the perspective to implement a learning protocol for future users of prosthesis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

去探寻一个基本的真相——群体中的自我心灵

我曾是一名“法轮功”团体的成员,如果用褒意倾向的语言说,是信念极为坚定的一员,用贬意倾向的语言说,是痴迷沉陷很深的一员,无论坚定还是痴迷,意味着我对“法轮功”理论相信的程度、跟随的程度和介入的程度。我亲身经历、耳闻目睹了这个群体大量的超乎一般人想象的狂热行为,或者他们认为的无比伟大神圣的行为,这种心态和行为用“文革”中的语言“无限忠于,誓死捍卫”来形容也是不为过的。当然,“法轮功”成员捍卫的是他们的领袖及其言论。“法轮功”事件发生后,许多人困惑不已,怎么会有许多知识分子包括高级知识分子以及经验丰富的领导干部…     

句子理解的心理机制研究进展及其存在的问题

在回顾传统的反应时范式下的句子理解的研究发现及其问题的基础上,探讨了各种研究范式的优劣,进一步阐述了ERP研究范式下的新发现与新的理论分歧,检讨了ERP研究范式存在的问题及其解决方法。     

IRT中Logistic模型的c、γ参数对能力估计的改善

设计一个理想测验和被试作答情况,在单、双参数模型下进行能力估计,存在第一、二未契合现象;增加c参数后进行能力估计,则能有效纠正第一未契合现象,仍然存在第二未契合现象,同时存在第三未契合现象;增加γ参数后进行能力估计,则能有效纠正第二未契合现象,仍然存在第一未契合现象,同时存在第四未契合现象;同时增加c、γ参数后进行能力估计,则能有效纠正第一、二、三、四未契合现象。最后概述了c、γ参数的测量含义