Dissociations of the number and precision of visual short-term memory representations in change detection

The present study dissociated the number (i.e., quantity) and precision (i.e., quality) of visual short-term memory (STM) representations in change detection using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and experimental manipulations. Across three experiments, participants performed both recognition and recall tests of visual STM using the change-detection task and the continuous color-wheel recall task, respectively. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the estimates of the number and precision of visual STM representations based on the ROC model of change-detection performance were robustly correlated with the corresponding estimates based on the mixture model of continuous-recall performance. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that the experimental manipulation of mnemonic precision using white-noise masking and the experimental manipulation of the number of encoded STM representations using consolidation masking produced selective effects on the corresponding measures of mnemonic precision and the number of encoded STM representations, respectively, in both change-detection and continuous-recall tasks. Altogether, using the individual-differences (Experiment 1) and experimental dissociation (Experiment 2 and 3) approaches, the present study demonstrated the some-or-none nature of visual STM representations across recall and recognition.     

Automatic thoughts as a predictor of internalizing and externalizing problems in Chinese adolescents: A test of the cognitive content‐specificity hypothesis with age effects

The main aim of the current study was to test the cognitive content‐specificity hypothesis across internalizing and externalizing problems in Chinese adolescents. The participants consisted of 2,158 adolescents aged 11–19 years from three middle schools, and they completed a number of measures assessing a wide range of automatic thoughts and syndromes related to internalizing and externalizing problems. Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that thoughts about social threats, personal failure and hostility were the strongest predictors of anxiety, depression, and externalizing problems, respectively. Age was a statistically significant, albeit modest, moderator of the relationship between automatic thoughts about social threat and anxiety. The current study provides support for the cognitive content‐specificity hypothesis in internalizing and externalizing problems in a Chinese sample.     

Understanding the Effect of Social Capital on the Depression of Urban Chinese Adolescents: An Integrative Framework

Using data from an ongoing longitudinal study of 5,164 adolescents and their parents from seven cities in mainland China, this study investigated how social capital embedded in the family and the community, together with family human capital and financial capital, influenced the depressive symptoms of urban Chinese adolescents within an integrative framework. The structural equation modeling results suggested that higher community social capital was associated with lower level of adolescent depressive symptoms and was the strongest predictor among all these contextual factors. Family social capital played a significant role in mediating the effects of all other contextual factors on adolescent depressive symptoms. Unexpectedly, higher family financial capital predicted increased depressive symptoms both directly and indirectly through its negative effect on family social capital. As for gender, female adolescents reported more depressive symptoms as a result of less available family social capital. Implications of these findings for theory, practice, policy, and future research are discussed.     

略论“延续性医德教育”模式的内涵与构建

目前医德教育在教育时间与教育手段等方面缺乏延续性。通过对医德教育的特点和规律以及传统医德教育存在的弊病、医疗领域不正之风的负面影响等问题的分析,提出应着手构建在校医学生—实习生—在职医务人员"三位一体"的"延续性医德教育"模式,实现"第一课堂与第二课堂"、"系统医德理论与实践"、"被动性与自主性"医德教育三结合。     

狄尔泰与现代解释学

在西方解释学的发展过程中,狄尔泰是一个非常重要的人物。他不仅充分认识到施莱尔马赫的解释学在哲学研究中的重要性,而且把解释学由单纯的文本研究扩展到对现实世界中的人(Mensch)的研究,创造了所谓“生命解释学”(d ie Hermeneutik des Lebens)。狄尔泰因此不仅赋予了解释学以方法论的意义,而且还承认解释学就是哲学的过程,从而使解释学具有了认识论的意义。正是在狄尔泰的努力下,解释学才由传统解释学进展到当代的伽达默尔的所谓哲学解释学。一作为施莱尔马赫的再传弟子,狄尔泰的哲学生涯开始于施莱尔马赫研究。还是在读书期间,他撰写…     

道教音乐的民族特点初探

在道教活动中使用的音乐统称为道教音乐,包括斋醮音乐以及道士宣道、布道和修身养性时所用的音乐。斋醮音乐亦称“道场音乐”、“法事音乐”,集中而典型地表现了道教音乐的精神特质,故而道教音乐惯以斋醮音乐著称。一、道教音乐的历史发展中国古代民间就有巫舞、巫风。中国古代     

短时间延迟条件下错误记忆的遗忘

两个实验中,使用DRM范式考察了短时间延迟条件下错误记忆的遗忘效应。实验一发现对两种关键项目的错误再认均随着时间延迟（即时、半小时和1个小时）的增加而提高,而在将时间变量由实验一中的被试内设计变为实验二中的被试间设计后,发现对两种关键项目的错误再认随着时间而发生不同的变化,表现为对关键诱饵的错误再认保持稳定而对中关联词的错误再认依然有所提高。说明错误记忆很顽固,一旦产生便很难衰退,当消除了其他干扰因素的潜在影响后,即使是在很短暂的测验时间延迟条件下,它至少是保持稳定的,不会随着时间而发生减弱。此外还发现了关联性和测验情境与测验时间延迟之间的交互影响,表现为对关键诱饵的错误再认受测验时间延迟的影响较小,受测验情境的影响较大;而对中关联词的错误再认则受测验时间延迟的影响较大,受测验情境的影响较小     

存在论的基本问题

唯名论和实在论之间的较量在整个哲学史上占据着重要地位。由于贝克莱、休谟和康德等人的工作,唯名论在哲学上一直处于主导地位。然而,当唯名论进入语言分析后,在处理不同语境的句子的联合这个存在论的基本问题时,给出了无数的讨论,但仍然无法给出让人接受的解决办法。于是,人们另辟新径、提出了偶态分析。美国哲学家普兰廷伽的偶态分析相当完整地解决了唯名论语言分析所遇到的问题。有意思的是,为了说明全部可能世界的存在意义,普兰廷伽不得不引进基督教的全知上帝概念。把普兰廷伽的偶态观念运用在认识论上,隐含着对恩典概念的引进。我们发现,恩典概念是可操作的,而且对存在论讨论是必要的。