略谈道家功法修真入门

道家功法,从北五祖、南五祖,至七真师祖,已有一套完整的性命双修功法,既是金液还丹,也是九转还丹法。其功理功法是以阴阳的造化,用清、浊、动、静、降本流末,而生万物的原理,以顺逆颠倒之法。顺去生人,逆来生仙。生仙也有十月怀胎,三年乳哺,九年调婴。丹经有云:“炼己无限,修仙有程。”炼己者即是从筑基到炼     

影响警察工作积极性因素的研究

本研究在访谈的基础上 ,通过试测初步确定影响警察工作积极性的3 7个项目 ,并对杭州市部分警察进行抽样问卷调查 ,因素分析结果表明 ,影响警察工作积极性的 7个主要因素分别为 :1家庭环境与人际关系 ,2领导作风 ,3工作条件 ,4个人发展 ,5工作忧虑 ,6经济利益 ,7管理制度。调查结果还表明 ,影响警察工作积极性的较重要的 8个项目依次是 :住房紧张 ,工资收入低 ,福利较差 ,劳动保障差 ,领导言行不一 ,付出的劳动与收入不平衡 ,工作条件差 ,管理制度不健全。研究还发现家庭环境与人际关系、经济利益两个因素对警察工作积极性的影响存在警种之间的差异。本研究在分析的基础上建议从以下三个方面激励警察工作积极性 :1提高警察生活保障水平 ,改善警察工作条件 ;2改进领导工作作风 ,提高领导管理者的水平 ,完善管理制度 ;3提供警察个人发展的机会 ,促进警察工作能力和自身素质的提高。     

近年来国内关于马克思与费尔巴哈宗教批判思想关系研究述评

近年来,国内学者对马克思与费尔巴哈宗教批判思想的关系进行了不少研究,大体可概括为三种主张。一是“开端说”,把费尔巴哈看作是马克思宗教批判思想转变的开端;二是“中间环节说”,把费尔巴哈视作是马克思宗教批判思想转变的中间环节;三是“批判超越说”,认为马克思对费尔巴哈宗教思想进行了批判和超越。三种主张达成了某些共识,但还存在一些争议和有待进一步探讨的问题。     

唐风东渡:鉴真和尚与日本寺院建筑——以唐招提寺为中心

"招提",梵文Caturdesa,意为四方^[1],亦常指寺院。日本"唐招提寺"因我国唐代鉴真和尚而建,其寺名意为"大唐道场"。又因日本佛教如法授戒亦始于鉴真和尚,故而鉴真和尚被奉为日本律宗初祖。唐招提寺是日本最早的律宗寺院,由鉴真和尚亲自设计并带领日本工匠创建而成。^[2]鉴真东渡作为中日文化交流史上的标志性事件,不仅影响到日本佛教的发展,而且对日本当时及后世文化、生活的方方面面都作出了极其突出的贡献。     

人际交往中的认知偏差简析

现代社会个人的成长和发展离不开有效的人际交往,而人际交往中的认知偏差往往会影响人们人际交往的效果和质量,了解和认清人际交往中的认知偏差有利于我们建立良好的人际关系。文章对可能影响人际交往的首因效应、晕轮效应、刻板印象、基本归因偏差、虚假一致偏差及当事人与旁观者归因分歧的含义、表现和原因作了简要分析,以期能帮助人们对人际交往中的认知偏差加以防范和纠正,提高人们的人际交往能力。     

Mental Rotation in False Belief Understanding

This study examines the spontaneous use of embodied egocentric transformation (EET) in understanding false beliefs in the minds of others. EET involves the participants mentally transforming or rotating themselves into the orientation of an agent when trying to adopt his or her visuospatial perspective. We argue that psychological perspective taking such as false belief reasoning may also involve EET because of what has been widely reported in the embodied cognition literature, showing that our processing of abstract, propositional information is often grounded in concrete bodily sensations which are not apparently linked to higher cognition. In Experiment 1, an agent placed a ball into one of two boxes and left. The ball then rolled out and moved either into the other box (new box) or back into the original one (old box). The participants were to decide from which box they themselves or the agent would try to recover the ball. Results showed that false belief performance was affected by increased orientation disparity between the participants and the agent, suggesting involvement of embodied transformation. In Experiment 2, false belief was similarly induced and the participants were to decide if the agent would try to recover the ball in one specific box. Orientation disparity was again found to affect false belief performance. The present results extend previous findings on EET in visuospatial perspective taking and suggest that false belief reasoning, which is a kind of psychological perspective taking, can also involve embodied rotation, consistent with the embodied cognition view.     

Altruistic or selfish? Responses when safety is threatened depend on childhood socioeconomic status

Altruism is an effective method of coping with threats. This research explored the relationship between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and altruism under different situations. The results of five studies provided reliable evidence that safety-threat conditions moderated the relationship between childhood SES and altruism. Individuals with higher childhood SES exhibited higher altruistic intentions (Studies 1 and 2) and behaviors (Study 3) when they were manipulated to imagine a safety threat scenario (Study 1), when viewing pictures of disasters (Study 2), and when they were manipulated to believe that their health was under threat (Study 3). However, their childhood SES had no significant impact on their altruistic intentions and behaviors in relatively safe environments (Studies 1–3). This effect was again tested in more realistic environmental conditions using a large-scale survey in Study 4. In Study 5, we explored the underlying mechanism behind the earlier findings (i.e., temporal discounting).     

Charting New Terrain in Work Design: A Study of Hybrid Work Characteristics

Research on work design to date has focused on work characteristics associated primarily with one of three domains—task, social, or contextual. The present paper introduces a new concept—hybrid work characteristics—that refer to work characteristics which are not fully captured within any one of the three domains but possess features from more than one domain. We identify boundarylessness, multitasking, non-work-related interruptions, and demand for constant learning as hybrid work characteristics in the modern work environment. Furthermore, we theorise that boundarylessness, multitasking, and demand for constant learning carry both enriching and depleting potential, but non-work-related interruptions have only depleting potential. In our study, we developed instruments to assess the four work characteristics and tested their relationship with jobholders’ job satisfaction, occupational commitment, emotional exhaustion, and somatic health symptoms, through three independent studies (a total of 968 employees across a wide range of jobs). The results demonstrated convergent, predictive, and discriminant validity for the newly developed scales, and showed partial support for the prediction that boundarylessness and multitasking are beneficial as well as detrimental for jobholders and consistent support for the depleting potential inherent in non-work-related interruptions. We conclude with a discussion of how our exploration of hybrid work characteristics contributes to research on work design and management practices.     

试论太极图所蕴含的内丹文化内涵

太极图与道教内丹术之间联系紧密,其中蕴含着丰富的内丹文化思想。一方面,太极图反映了内丹术所依据的哲学思想,表现了在天人合一与天人同构思想的支配下,内丹对于宇宙与生命的认识,具体体现在对宇宙创生之道、自然变化之道以及生人之道与人身之道的理解之中。另一方面,太极图集中概括了内丹术的基本原理,同时也凝练地表达了炼精化炁阶段的基本要求,对该阶段中的两个主要环节(调外药和小周天运火炼药)进行了简明扼要的阐释。