中学生欺凌受害对其内化问题的影响:有调节的中介模型

采用特拉华校园氛围量表、特拉华欺负受害量表、心理弹性量表、病人健康问卷抑郁量表和广泛性焦虑量表对3543名中学生进行调查。探讨中学生感知的校园氛围与心理弹性在其欺凌受害与内化性问题间的中介调节作用。结果表明:(1)在控制中学生的性别、年级及父母文化水平后,欺凌受害能显著正向预测学生的内化性问题。(2)心理弹性在欺凌受害与内化性问题间起部分中介作用。(3)中学生感知的校园氛围在欺凌受害以及心理弹性对内化性问题的影响中均有显著的调节作用。     

Examining the Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Ages & Stages Questionnaires-Social-Emotional: Use in Public Child Daycare Centers in Brazil

A mental health evaluation project was conducted in the City of Rio de Janeiro for the entire population of young children who received services in public child daycare centers and preschools. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE-BR) served as an outcome measure for social-emotional development. Four age intervals of the ASQ:SE-BR were investigated by time period, 2011 and 2012. A total of 76,806 children from 21 to 66?months were evaluated. Three thousand children were randomly selected from each age interval and year for the analyses. The analyses used unidimensional Rasch Partial Credit Model and multidimensional Rasch Partial Credit Model to evaluate the psychometric properties of the ASQ:SE-BR. The model comparisons indicated support for the one-construct model and the two-construct model, indicating adequate evidence for the internal structure for the ASQ:SE-BR. Only one item was found to have misfit. Sound psychometric properties were supported by the results including internal structure, weighted item fit, reliability, and invariance across years. Item difficulty presented an appropriate coverage across intervals. This study provides supportive evidence for the use and interpretation of ASQ:SE scores with urban low-income Brazilian population.     

Same meaning but different feelings: Different expressions influence satisfaction in social comparisons

The same social comparison information may be expressed in different ways (e.g. ‘I am better than him’ versus ‘he is worse than me’). The results of four studies indicated that the way social comparison is expressed can affect an individual's satisfaction (i.e. ‘better’ versus ‘worse’). Specifically, in upward comparisons, the expression ‘I am worse than him’ makes individuals feel less satisfied than the expression ‘he is better than me’. In downward comparisons, those who use the expression ‘I am better than him’ are more satisfied than those who use the expression ‘he is worse than me’. The motivation of information processing acted as the mediator.     

义符促进类别归纳推理的ERP证据

为了明确义符对归纳推理影响,本研究使用有义符和无义符汉字为材料,使用ERP技术考查义符对不同层级类别概念归纳推理的影响。行为结果显示,有义符条件下反应速度更快,肯定判断率更高。脑电指标上,P3阶段义符主效应显著,有义符条件下P3波幅更大;N1、N400和P600阶段义符与层级交互作用显著,组内简单效应分析显示,层级主效应仅在无义符条件下显著;组间简单效应分析显示,义符主效在N400和P600阶段仅在下-上推理条件下显著,无义符条件下,下-上推理引发更大的N400和P600波幅。这些结果表明,义符促进了归纳推理过程,这种促进主要表现在对下-上推理的促进。     

因果信息在贝叶斯推理中的作用:问题情境的调节

以大学生为被试,考察因果信息在不同贝叶斯推理问题中的作用。结果表明:(1)问题情境的主效应显著(F(1,122)=16.33,p0.05,η~2=0.120),因果信息的主效应不显著((F(1,122)=1.161,p=0.283,η~2=0.01),但问题类型和因果信息的交互作用显著(F(1,122)=4.757,p0.05,η~2=0.038)。(2)不同类型的问题上因果信息的作用是不同的。具体表现为,在乳癌问题中,增加了因果信息,被试的正确率明显提高(χ~2(1)=6.759,p0.05,V=0.607),而在中彩问题中没有因果信息的推理成绩反而更好(χ~2(1)=1.864,p=0.221,V=0.167)。     

也谈蕅益智旭《灵峰宗论》删改问题

明末高僧蕅益智旭的著作文集<灵峰宗论>,乃由其门人成时法师负责编辑而成.近百年来,印光法师和今人释宗舜先后发现了成时法师有妄自删改其师著作文字的事实,并对删改问题作了初步的探究.在前人的基础上,本文又结合一些新发现的材料来探讨删改问题.本文先以<宗论>被妄改的事实为基础,为质疑<灵峰蕅益大师自传>(置于<宗论>卷首)一文的真伪问题提供了三大依据,后又以<周易禅解>序跋文本在<宗论>本中如何被删改作为典型例证,结合智旭单行本著作内容与<宗论>本的比较,具体分析成时编选和删改<宗论>的一系列特点,证明<宗论>虽然已被成时删改,但仍具有一定的可信度.本文还意在告诫学界:如果借助<灵峰宗论>来研究智旭及其相关问题,一定要小心谨慎其中文字材料的真伪!     

思想史的"两重性"探求及意义衍生--李锦全先生对中国思想史本质的诠释

思想史的“两重性”是李锦全先生关注的焦点问题。文章通过考察他对思想史进行个案研究、学派分析、整体通观三个层次的翔实分析,探求他贯穿在对象研究中的“哲史融会”的方法取向和“承传创新”的文化立场,揭示他以传统观照现代的实践品格,把学术与社会紧密结合的学人精神。     

浅谈内隐社会认知的研究与现状

内隐社会认知是无意识思想、认知理论和社会心理研究日渐整合的结果。作为认知心理学研究的一个组成部分,内隐社会认知的研究从方法论上,得益于内隐记忆研究中逐步完善的间接测量方法;从内容上,尽管内隐社会认知的研究还比较初浅,但却已经涵盖了社会认知、社会态度以及归因评价的多个方面。     

中国哲学的意义之维与方法选择

试图抛开"中国是否有哲学"的本根性追问与"中国哲学是否合法"的语境性设问,也暂时搁置"中国哲学如何建构"的宏大叙事理路,是因为我们必须回到我们依然"在场"的真实内心,必须面对摆在我们面前的"事实与问题",那就是"中国哲学意义维度为何"以及用何种方法使之恰切地呈现。当下的"中国哲学",有三种连续性的意义:一是奠基性的中国古代哲学(也许说"思想"更理想),其意义自在于经典文本与传统中,它的本真呈现应运用经典解释学方法;一是生成性的中国近代哲学,其意义他在于与西方哲学比较中,它的确当表达应运用哲学解释学方法;一是展示性的中国当代哲学,其意义自为于激越当下的生活世界中,它的理性提升应运用现象解释学方法。     

The role of organizational insiders' developmental feedback and proactive personality on newcomers' performance: an interactionist perspective

Drawing from an interactionist approach and feedback research, we examine the role of developmental feedback and proactive personality on newcomer task performance and helping behavior. Data were collected from 2 high-tech joint-ventures within the information technology and manufacturing industries located in Shanghai, China. Results based on 151 newcomer-manager dyads showed that supervisor developmental feedback (SDF) positively related to newcomer helping behavior and that SDF and coworker developmental feedback interactively predicted newcomer task performance. We also found differential moderating effects of proactive personality: SDF more strongly related to helping behavior when proactive personality was lower; conversely, coworker developmental feedback more strongly related to helping behavior when proactive personality was higher.