地方治理视野中的政策执行:退耕还林政策案例研究

随着改革开放的深入和社会经济环境的转变,环境保护和生态保持已经成为中国中央政府的工作重心.如何确保地方政府有效执行中央的环保政策成为了当前公共行政领域的热点与难点.政策执行文献指出通过建立相关政治制度和行政机制,如人事任命和绩效评估,可以有效的约束地方政府及官员行为,从而确保中央政策(尤其是经济发展政策)的执行,但这些研究未能充分的解释地方官员环保执行领域的激励与约束机制.而地方治理理论指出通过引入政府外力量到政策过程中可以有效的提升政府环境保护和生态保持的绩效.本文基于治理理论,以退耕还林政策为案例,探讨环保政策执行中的地方治理问题.     

Lightweight relevance filtering for machine-generated resolution problems

Irrelevant clauses in resolution problems increase the search space, making proofs hard to find in a reasonable amount of processor time. Simple relevance filtering methods, based on counting symbols in clauses, improve the success rate for a variety of automatic theorem provers and with various initial settings. We have designed these techniques as part of a project to link automatic theorem provers to the interactive theorem prover Isabelle. We have tested them for problems involving thousands of clauses, which yield poor results without filtering. Our methods should be applicable to other tasks where the resolution problems are produced mechanically and where completeness is less important than achieving a high success rate with limited processor time.     

寿星老人考

寿星老人与道教神系中的"南极老人""南极长生大帝"等无关,唐玄宗将寿星之祀设于君王诞辰节日举行之后,寿星才在晚唐时期成为道教神仙,并与生日习俗密切相关。北宋初期君王诞辰节日出现了献寿星图为贺礼的生日习俗,寿星图上的神仙还不是寿星老人。生日习俗中的寿星图发展成为生日之人的画像,寿星老人的形象由此在北宋中期出现。苏轼的《佛寿图》揭示了寿星老人的形象来源于作佛的画像为寿星图,该形象可能基于当时十八罗汉的佛教造像。     

内源性空间线索有效性对视听觉整合的影响

采用内源性线索-靶子范式,操纵线索类型(有效线索、无效线索)和靶刺激通道类型(视觉刺激、听觉刺激、视听觉刺激)两个自变量,通过两个实验,分别设置50%和80%两种内源性空间线索有效性来考察不同空间线索有效性条件下内源性空间注意对视听觉整合的影响。结果发现,当线索有效性为50%时(实验1),有效线索位置和无效线索位置的视听觉整合效应没有显著差异;当线索有效性为80%时(实验2),有效线索位置的视听觉整合效应显著大于无效线索位置的视听觉整合效应。结果表明,线索有效性不同时,内源性空间注意对视听觉整合产生了不同的影响,高线索有效性条件下内源性空间注意能够促进视听觉整合效应。     

Employee-sharing and consumers' brand attitudes during COVID-19: A CSR perspective

The rapid proliferation of COVID-19 has dealt a heavy blow to many companies. Under these circumstances, employee-sharing has become a valuable strategy to help enterprises resume work and production. Based on the event system theory, we explored the impact of employee-sharing event strength on consumers' brand attitudes during the COVID-19 pandemic through a corporate social responsibility (CSR) lens. Also, we verified that employee-sharing event strength during the COVID-19 pandemic positively affected consumers' internal (ICSR) and external (ECSR) perceptions of enterprises, improving consumers' brand attitudes and validating the positive moderating effect of customer-company identification. Thus, this study provides theoretical insights and managerial implications for CSR.     

Charting New Terrain in Work Design: A Study of Hybrid Work Characteristics

Research on work design to date has focused on work characteristics associated primarily with one of three domains—task, social, or contextual. The present paper introduces a new concept—hybrid work characteristics—that refer to work characteristics which are not fully captured within any one of the three domains but possess features from more than one domain. We identify boundarylessness, multitasking, non-work-related interruptions, and demand for constant learning as hybrid work characteristics in the modern work environment. Furthermore, we theorise that boundarylessness, multitasking, and demand for constant learning carry both enriching and depleting potential, but non-work-related interruptions have only depleting potential. In our study, we developed instruments to assess the four work characteristics and tested their relationship with jobholders’ job satisfaction, occupational commitment, emotional exhaustion, and somatic health symptoms, through three independent studies (a total of 968 employees across a wide range of jobs). The results demonstrated convergent, predictive, and discriminant validity for the newly developed scales, and showed partial support for the prediction that boundarylessness and multitasking are beneficial as well as detrimental for jobholders and consistent support for the depleting potential inherent in non-work-related interruptions. We conclude with a discussion of how our exploration of hybrid work characteristics contributes to research on work design and management practices.     

短时记忆中的范畴组织和通道组织的比较

本文通过设置不同的线索条件对短时记忆中范畴组织和通道组织进行了比较研究。实验采用了通道线索组、范围线索组和混合线索组三种条件,并设置了五种词表比例。在通道线索组中,每个词表是同范畴字词,但一半用视觉呈现,一半用听觉呈现;在范畴线索组中,两类词分属两个不同的词义范畴,但以相同通道呈现;在混合线索组中,两类不同范畴的词,各有一半分别用视觉和听觉呈现。结果表明在三种线索条件下,ＡＲＣ分值差异显著,表现为     

《致外省人信札》与中国礼仪之争——从决疑论角度试析帕斯卡尔对耶稣会士在华传教策略的解读

詹森派是对耶稣会在华传教活动进行攻击的主要力量之一,其影响主要局限于西方基督教世界,帕斯卡尔的<致外省人信札>则是双方激烈论战的重要文献.本文以帕斯卡尔信札中涉及中国礼仪的一段文字为切入点,结合詹森派和耶稣会双方各自的神学观点和道德神学立场,尝试剖析帕斯卡尔代表的詹森派攻击耶稣会在华传教活动背后的思想因素,希有助于加深对中国礼仪之争历史的了解.     

卢梭《论科学与艺术》中的"伦理的理性主义"

虽然卢梭是18世纪法国启蒙运动的重要代表,但是,当其他启蒙思想家对理性、文明、科学、进步充满赞美时,卢梭却在《论科学与艺术》中敏锐地觉察到了被神化的科学理性所隐含的危险,揭示了科学的进步与道德风尚之间的深刻矛盾.尽管他对科学伤风败俗的指责并不严谨,但却以"伦理的理性主义"的视角触及了启蒙时代的重要问题.这不但成为他后来学说的出发点,也开启了启蒙运动对唯科学主义的自我反思.