Extreme response style as a cultural response to climato‐economic deprivation

We investigated the effects of climato‐economic harshness on extreme response style. Climato‐economic theorising postulates that a more threatening climate in poorer countries, in contrast to countries with a more comforting climate and richer countries with a more challenging climate, triggers intolerance of ambiguity and uncertainty avoidance inherent to conservatism, in‐group favouritism and autocracy. Scores of extreme response style at country level, a proxy of this cluster of cultural characteristics, were extracted from students' responses in the Programme for International Student Assessment to test the hypothesis. In a series of hierarchical regression analysis across 64 countries, cold demands, heat demands and GDP per capita showed a highly significant interaction effect on extreme response style, predicting in total 30.7% of the variance. Extreme response style was highest in poorer countries with higher climatic demands, and lowest in richer countries with lower climate demands. Implications are discussed.     

解释学的后现代转向及其对后现代心理学的意义

随着后现代思潮的兴起,解释学领域出现了后现代转向,在对解释本身及解释模式的阐释、对成见的看法以及真理观等方面有许多转变,这些转变对后现代心理学产生很大影响,表现在:对研究对象的分析水平由个体中心转向对关系的研究;研究方法上由唯一客观的实证方法转向多元方法论;研究原则上由价值中立转向强调历史文化因素的影响;知识观上由追求知识的客观性、普适性转向知识的社会建构性。同时,后现代解释学对心理现象和实践应用的认识,对克服后现代心理学认识论和方法论上的相对主义也很有启发。     

从生态自然观的角度探讨抗生素的应用与细菌耐药性的产生

抗生素的不合理使用和细菌耐药性是当今医学界所面临的严重问题,危害着人类的健康和生存.从生态自然观的角度,剖析了抗生素的应用与细菌耐药性产生的辩证关系,目的是使人们突破传统的思维局限,认清细菌耐药性问题的实质,为制定出合理使用抗生素的原则和预防细菌耐药性的措施提供一些理论依据.     

SARS突发病害与大学生信任感的变化历程

用问卷法在SARS期间对北京大学生信任感进行了调查,研究了SARS突发病害对大学生信任感的影响。结果表明：SARS爆发初期,大学生的信任感有所下降,尤其对政府、媒体和学校的信任感下降较明显;SARS冲击下大学生信任感呈现了动态平衡的特点;影响信任感的主要因素是政府;制度制定和信息传递是引发社会态度转变的根本因素。     

初级运动区的fMRI实验研究

本实验采用功能磁共振为实验仪器,被试进行运动准备和运动执行两种作业活动,实验设计为延时序列运动任务。在对实验数据进行预处理,反卷积、标准化处理后,采用欧式距离公式进行聚类统计,统计结果显示,M1区不仅具有运动执行和运动准备的功能,还发现其他功能区域的激活,不是单纯的运动执行功能,这一区域与三种活动有关。     

儿童社会观点采择与分享行为关系的研究

本研究选取幼儿园大班、小学一、二、三年级共240名被试,每个年级各60名,男女各半,考察儿童的社会观点采择能力与分享行为的关系。结果发现:(1)社会观点采择的发展对儿童的分享行为有影响,其中主要是认知观点采择对实际分享行为的影响;(2)儿童分享行为的发展有阶段性;(3)儿童认知观点采择和情感观点采择的发展在幼儿园大班,二者之间存在较显著的差异,到了一、二、三年级二者之间无显著差异。     

中外两种推理理论的实验比较研究

通过两个实验对中国学者提出的“推理题与推理者的推理知识双重结构模型”和Evans提出的“双重加工理论”进行了实验比较研究。实验一通过两种评定方法对相应性质命题进行评定后所得实验结果表明Evans等(1983)有关“信念效应”研究中的“结论可信性”变量可以视为与胡竹菁等(1996)实验中的“内容正确性”变量是同一性质的变量; 实验二根据“形式正确性”和“内容正确性”两个自变量设计的推理实验结果与Evans等(1983)的研究结果基本一致; 但增加“内容熟悉性”这一自变量设计的推理实验结果表明“推理题与推理者的推理知识双重结构模型”比Evans提出的“双重加工理论”能更好地解释推理者对性质三段论的推理结果。     

The Garden of the Heart and Soul: the image,the way,and the meaning

This paper begins with an explanation of the four Chinese characters that represent the project of the Garden of the Heart and Soul. This project was founded to help the psychological development of orphans, as well as to provide psychological relief for the victims of ecological disasters such as earthquakes through the use of Jungian psychology, sandplay therapy, and the psychology of the Heart. Eleven years after its founding, there are 83 work‐stations on mainland China. The authors discuss how the Chinese characters influenced the way they set up their project and the values that guide them. In addition to helping the individuation of the people they work with, their work provides a container for the collective psyche and a connection with the cultural archetypal roots.     

Relationships between Sabbath Observance and Mental,Physical, and Spiritual Health in Clergy

Pastoral Psychology - Keeping the Sabbath, that is, setting a day apart for rest and spiritual rejuvenation, has been related to better mental health and less stress in cross-sectional studies....