阅读速度与提要位置对不同认知方式学生信息保持的影响

本研究主要探讨阅读速度与提要位置对不同认知风格学生信息保持的影响。结果表明：读者认知方式的差异在很大程度上影响了对文章不同类型信息的保持．但对文章总回忆量没有显著影响。提要前置使场依存型读者对文章结构性信息的回忆量增多,场独立型读者对从属性信息的回忆量增多;提要后置使场依存型读者从属性信息的回忆量增多。阅读速度对文章不同类型信息和总信息量的保持均有显著影响．但在提要前置的情况下,对文章结构性信息的回忆量没有显著影响。     

Age and individual differences in visuospatial processing speed: Testing the magnification hypothesis

Forty young adults and 40 older adults performed seven visuospatial information processing tasks. Factor analyses of the response times (RTs) yielded a single principal component with a similar composition in both age samples. For both samples, regressing the mean RTs of fast and slow subgroups for the seven tasks (18 conditions) on the corresponding mean RTs for their age group accounted for 99% of the variance. Taken together, these findings suggest that individual differences in processing time were largely task independent. The magnification hypothesis, a simple mathematical model of the interaction between age and ability, is presented. This model correctly predicts the finding that in both the young and the older adult groups, individual differences increased systematically with task difficulty. The magnification hypothesis also explains the regression parameters describing individual differences among young adults and predicts correctly that equivalent parameters describe individual differences among older adults. According to the magnification hypothesis, the RTs of slower individuals are more affected by aging than those of faster individuals, and slower individuals may be more at risk with respect to other biological insults (e.g., changes in health status) as well.     

颞叶皮层在灵长类不变性知觉和原型表征中的重要作用

如果要走出人工智能在感知觉领域的困境．就必须认识到人类特有的受生物现实约束的认知特点。综合分析各种证据表明,知觉和客体识别的本质不是分析千差万别的局部特征,而是提取环境中的大范围不变量（早期为拓扑特性检测）,形成并存贮一定原型表征;颞叶皮层在灵长类这种不变性知觉和原型表征中具有重要作用。     

双眼立体视觉的信息加工 Ⅱ.空间滤波对双眼立体感的影响

本工作的目的是希望了解立体感形成时双眼图象空间频谱的融合规律。我们利用不同质地的两套随机点立体图对,经过不同空间频带(低通、高通、带通)的光学滤波处理,然后将滤波后的图象作各种左右眼搭配观察。得到: 1.同样滤波的立体图对均能形成立体感; 2.不同质地的立体图对,空间频带搭配相同,但观察结果并不完全相同。 3.目前我们尚不能用立体图对的两个图像的空间频带是否重叠来了解两眼融合的规律。     

激光用光导纤维导入大鼠皮层额叶和尾状核对纹状体的单胺类和氨基酸类神经介质含量的影响

迄今为止,激光在脑研究和临床应用上,主要是利用高功率激光做为手术刀、激光武器及其防护等方面。即使在这方面、由于激光辐照的穿透力很小,限制了它的应用。对于它们的基础研究多见为皮肤和血液肝脏细胞和神经细胞生理生化指标的改     

中学生应对方式的初步研究

用经过信效度检验的自编中学生应对方式量表对１２５４名中学生的测量结果表明,我国中学生对挫折和烦恼的应对方式主要是问题解决、求助、退避、发泄、幻想和忍耐;女生比男生更多采用发泄和忍耐应对,男生比女生更多采用幻想应对;重点中学学生比普通中学学生更多采用问题解决应对,而较少采用幻想和退避应对;随着年龄的发展中学生应对方式的变化趋势不明显。     

企业新产品开发决策的不确定性和决策策略模拟实验研究

本文以企业新产品开发为决策内容,根据决策策略的规定性理论框架和先前调查所得决策案例,设计四种决策情景来代表四种不确定状态,通过５６名来自５个工厂的管理人员的现场模拟实验,着重研究这类决策的不确定性和决策策略之间关系。结果发现,在新产品开发的决策中,决策策略随不确定状态而改变;决策情景的不确定程度和决策策略没有严格的—一对应关系;在四类不确定决策情景下,都有管理人员采用混合型策略。这一发现同混合扫瞄策略观点和垃圾罐模型的思想相一致。并且,随着决策情景的不确定程度加大,决策时间逐渐延长。最后我们提出了应继续研究的课题。     

嗓声鉴别的脑事件相关电位研究

该项工作研究了21名女大学生和研究生鉴别两个陌生人的噪声时,六个脑区的事件相关电位(ERPs)。结果表明,双音节语义嗓声的鉴别更易引起明显的ERPs变化;两个陌生人嗓声不等概率呈现,较等概率呈现更易引起明显的ERPs变化。在单音节嗓声鉴别中,在左额区引起N200波波幅增高;而在右颞区引起P300波潜伏期的增长。在双音节语义嗓声鉴别中,除右顶叶外在其它五个脑区引起P300波波幅增高,在右额区引起P300波潜伏期明显缩短。     

Relationship between COVID-19-related stress and social inhibition among university students in China: The mediating role of psychological richness

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental health issues of university students received increasing attention. However, little is known about the effect of COVID-19-related stress on social inhibition among Chinese university students and its psychological mechanism in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to explore the relationship between COVID-19-related stress and social inhibition as well as the mediating role of psychological richness. In late 2022, 1250 Chinese university students were recruited for participation in an online survey. Modified SARS-Stress Scale, Social Inhibition Questionnaire, and Psychologically Rich Life Questionnaire were used to assess participants' COVID-19-related stress, social inhibition, and psychological richness. The Results indicate that COVID-19-related stress positively predicts social inhibition and negatively predicts psychological richness. Meanwhile, Psychological richness negatively predicts social inhibition. Mediation analysis shows that the relationship between COVID-19-related stress and social inhibition was partially mediated by psychological richness. The results indicate the significant predictive value of psychological richness when studying mental health issues.     

推理方向与规则维度对儿童因果推理的影响

采用Frye和Zelazo等（1996）所设计的“二进二出”装置（斜面滚球装置）,设置了不同的推理方向、规则维度的因果推理任务,采用个别实验法,研究了60名3.5～4.5岁儿童因果推理能力的发展。结果发现：（1）儿童在不同方向的因果推理任务上成绩差异显著,因→果推理成绩要好于果→因推理;（2）不同维度下儿童的推理成绩有极显著的差异性,一维的因果推理更容易,三维合取规则的因果推理任务更难;（3）3.5～4岁左右是儿童因果推理能力发展的快速期。