Investigating the Impact of Uncertainty About Item Parameters on Ability Estimation

Asymptotic expansions of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and weighted likelihood estimator (WLE) of an examinee’s ability are derived while item parameter estimators are treated as covariates measured with error. The asymptotic formulae present the amount of bias of the ability estimators due to the uncertainty of item parameter estimators. A numerical example is presented to illustrate how to apply the formulae to evaluate the impact of uncertainty about item parameters on ability estimation and the appropriateness of estimating ability using the regular MLE or WLE method.     

Dissociations of the number and precision of visual short-term memory representations in change detection

The present study dissociated the number (i.e., quantity) and precision (i.e., quality) of visual short-term memory (STM) representations in change detection using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and experimental manipulations. Across three experiments, participants performed both recognition and recall tests of visual STM using the change-detection task and the continuous color-wheel recall task, respectively. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the estimates of the number and precision of visual STM representations based on the ROC model of change-detection performance were robustly correlated with the corresponding estimates based on the mixture model of continuous-recall performance. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that the experimental manipulation of mnemonic precision using white-noise masking and the experimental manipulation of the number of encoded STM representations using consolidation masking produced selective effects on the corresponding measures of mnemonic precision and the number of encoded STM representations, respectively, in both change-detection and continuous-recall tasks. Altogether, using the individual-differences (Experiment 1) and experimental dissociation (Experiment 2 and 3) approaches, the present study demonstrated the some-or-none nature of visual STM representations across recall and recognition.     

存在论的基本问题

唯名论和实在论之间的较量在整个哲学史上占据着重要地位。由于贝克莱、休谟和康德等人的工作,唯名论在哲学上一直处于主导地位。然而,当唯名论进入语言分析后,在处理不同语境的句子的联合这个存在论的基本问题时,给出了无数的讨论,但仍然无法给出让人接受的解决办法。于是,人们另辟新径、提出了偶态分析。美国哲学家普兰廷伽的偶态分析相当完整地解决了唯名论语言分析所遇到的问题。有意思的是,为了说明全部可能世界的存在意义,普兰廷伽不得不引进基督教的全知上帝概念。把普兰廷伽的偶态观念运用在认识论上,隐含着对恩典概念的引进。我们发现,恩典概念是可操作的,而且对存在论讨论是必要的。     

弘扬孟子仁政思想精华促进建设和谐小康社会

孟子继承发挥孔子仁学德治思想,提出以民为本的仁政学说,经剔除其封建糟粕,具超时代超阶级的积极意义.孟子仁政说中保民而王、亲亲仁民、与民同乐及制民之产以安民富民的思想,其积极意义、历史贡献须充分肯定,它对我们今天加强党风政风建设,促进加强社会主义政治文明精神文明建设,促进全面建设和谐小康社会,有现实意义,须大力弘扬.     

Action-state orientation and the theory of planned behavior: A study of job search in China

Job search is an important element of people’s careers and is especially critical for unemployed individuals. The current study surveyed a sample of 328 unemployed job seekers in China to test hypotheses related to the theory of planned behavior and action-state orientation theory. Results of the three-wave longitudinal study demonstrated that the theory of planned behavior was effective in modeling job-search intention and job-search intensity. Action-state orientation moderated the relationship between attitude and intention, as well as the relationship between intention and intensity. The current study sheds light on the motivational and self-regulatory process of job search and reemployment for Chinese unemployed job seekers.     

青春期学生异性交往心理与行为特征研究

通过对13个班级共679名学生的问卷调查,选择出194名高中生作为被试样本,研究结果表明：(1)自尊水平、自信程度和语言能力对学生的异性交往行为水平有着重要影响。(2)外貌与体能在学生异性交往中影响不大。(3)高中学生在异性交往过程中,存在着认知偏差和认知失调。(4)对异性交往行为的归因表明,学校环境和学生自己在异性交往中的努力程度,会对异性交往及其效果产生影响。(5)学生的能力和自己的努力程度,对异性人际关系的形成与发展有重要影响。     

科学家发现"长寿基因"

长寿不仅取决于良好的生活习惯,还取决于基因的作用。美国波士顿“衰老研究所”的科学家们,最近通过对137组长寿的兄弟姐妹(共300余人,年龄为91～108岁)的脱氧核糖核酸进行详尽比较和分析,发现长寿者身上果然具有与众不同的所谓“长寿基因”,而且还找到了这些“长寿基因”的大概位置。主持此项研究的波尔斯医生指出,百岁老人十分罕见,在人口中仅占万分之一,但当你在一个家族中发现竟有好几个百岁老人时,你就能相信:长寿不仅取决于培养良好的生活习惯,而且更取决于基因的作用。这就是说,“遗传优势”在决定一个人能活得较长时,起的往往是“主…     

体育专业大学生网络心理特点研究

目的:探讨体育专业大学生网络心理的特点。方法:采用自编大学生网络心理问卷,对某省236名体育专业大学生和331名非体育专业大学生的网络心理进行调查和比较。结果:(1)体育专业大学生网络喜好程度显著低于非体育专业大学生。(2)体育专业大学生对网络依恋程度低于非体育专业大学生。(3)体育专业大学生对网络人际交往依赖程度低于非体育专业大学生。(4)体育专业大学生在上网目的性上表现为"学习需要"等,非体育专业大学生上网是为了"寻求自信"等。     

荀子隆礼重法的政治思想是对儒家德治思想的创新发展

荀子"化性起伪"."隆礼重法"的政治思想是建立在他的性恶的人性论基石上的。以礼为本、德法并举、德主刑辅、礼义教化与法律强制相辅相成,是他政治思想的核心内容,也是其对儒家德治思想的创新发展。剔除其封建糟粕,它对我们今天建设和谐小康社会仍可提供有益的启示。